Emaswati

EmaSwati noma emaSwazi (munye: Liswati) ngemaBantu ladvabuka eNingizimu Afrika, labahlala eSwatini kanye nasesifundzeni saseMpumalanga eNingizimu Afrika. EmaSwati ayincenye yetive letikhuluma tilwimi temaNguni, letinemvelaphi yase eMpumalanga Afrika, lapho kutfolakala khona emasiko, tinkholelo kanye nemikhuba yemasiko lefananako.

EmaSwati kanye neMbuso we-Eswatini lamuhla batfola emagama abo kuNkhosi Mswati II, lowaba yinkhosi nga-1839 ngemuva kwekushona kweyise, iNkhosi Sobhuza I. Eswatini bantfu bekucala kuhlala emaSan, kantsi emaSwati lamuhla asuka enyakatho yeMpumalanga Afrika, andlula eMozambiki, azenayofika lapho khona namuhla kuyiEswatini ngeminyaka yabo-1500.

Umugca webukhosi babo ungalandzelwa emuva enkhosini leyatiwa ngekutsi nguDlamini I; leli kuseyilo ligama lemndeni webukhosi. Cishe tincenye letintsatfu kulamane temacembu emindeni ngemaNguni; letinye tingemaSotho, emaTsonga, labanye bantfu baseMpumalanga Afrika kanye netitukulwane temaSan. Lamacembu ashade futsi ahlangana ngekukhululeka. BuSwati bufaka ekhatsi bonkhe labo labetsembekile kulababusi lababili, Ingwenyama (inkhosi) kanye neIndlovukati (make wenkhosi). Lulwimi lolukhulu Siswati kanye Emasiko Emaswati nelisiko lemaSwati ngiko lokuhlanganisa Emaswati abe sive.

Umlandvo

Emaswati bantfu labadvabuka eNingizimu Afrika. Ligama bakaNgwane ("bantfu baNgwane") belisetjentiswa njengalelinye ligama lelisho Emaswati. Emaswati adzabuka kuma-Nguni. Kodvwa labanye bantfu bemaSwati bavela emindenini yemaSotho leyayihlala eSwatini. Ngaphansi kwembuso waDlamini III, lowatsatsa bukhosi kuMaseko, kwaba nekusungulwa kwendzawo yekuhlala nga-1750 ngaseMfuleni iPongola lapho kuncamula khona Tintsaba teLubombo. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, bahamba baya endzaweni lekungumfula iPongola, lebeyisedvute nebantfu bakaNdwandwe.^[1]

Lowalandzela Dlamini III kwakunguNgwane III, lotsatfwa njengeNkhosi yekucala yeEswatini yalamuhla. Wabusa cishe kusukela nga-1745 kuya ku-1780 esifundzeni saseShiselweni eEswatini.^[2]

Nga-1815, Sobhuza I waba yinkhosi yaseEswatini futsi waba nencenye lebalulekile ekwakheni emandla Emaswati.^[2]

Ngaphansi kwaSobhuza I, Emaswati achubeka nekwandzisa indzawo yawo ngekuncoba ticucu letinyenti temacembu lamancane emaSotho nemaNguni, akha umbuso lomkhulu lowatiwa lamuhla ngekutsi nguMbuso weSwatini. Kubusa kwaSobhuza I kwenteka ngesikhatsi seMfecane. Ngaphansi kwekubusa kwaSobhuza, bantfu bemaNguni nemaSotho kanye nemaSan labasala bahlanganiswa baba sive semaSwati. Kwaba ngesikhatsi sakhe lapho imincele yalamuhla yeEswatini yaba ngaphansi kwekubusa kwemakhosi akaDlamini.^[2]

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yabo-1830, kwaba nekucala kwekutsintsana nemaBhunu, labebahlala etindzaweni letagcine taba yiNingizimu Afrika.^[2]

Incenye lenkhulu yendzawo yemaSwati yaniketwa emaBhunu aseTransvaal, labahlala endzaweni yaseLydenburg ngeminyaka yabo-1840. Indzawo yaseSwatini kanye nenkhosi yayo, Mswati II, yavunywa ngemaBhunu kanye nemaNgisi. Kwaba ngesikhatsi sekubusa kwaMswati II lapho sive semaSwati sahlanganiswa khona saba nemandla. Emuva kwaloko, ligama lelitsi "Swati" lagcina lisetjentiswa kubo bonkhe bantfu lababetsembekile kuIngwenyama.^[2]

Kamuva ngaphansi kweNkhosi Mbandzeni, kwaniketwa tivumelwano letinyenti tekuhweba, temhlaba kanye netimayini kubahlali baseBritain nemaBhunu.^[3] Loku kwaholela ekulahlekeni kwaleminye imhlaba kubahlali baseSouth African Republic. Umphumela waba kutsi bantfu labanyenti bemaSwati bagcina bahlala ngaphandle kweEswatini, eNingizimu Afrika. IPretoria Convention yekulungisa indzaba yeTransvaal yanga-1881 yakubona kutimela kweEswatini futsi yachaza imingcele yaso. INgwenyama akazange abe ngumusayini walesivumelwano, futsi emaSwati atsi indzawo yawo ifinyelela macala onkhe kusukela kulombuso wanamuhla. IBritain yatsatsa ligunya phezu kweEswatini nga-1903, futsi kutimela kwaphindze kwatfolwa nga-1968.

Lamuhla, emaSwati ahlala eEswatini naseNingizimu Afrika. Bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika labadabuka kumaSwati bavame kubonakala ngekutsi bakhuluma siSwati, noma lulwimi lolusondzelene naso. Kukhona futsi emaSwati lamanyenti latfutsele eNingizimu Afrika naseUnited Kingdom. Linani lemaSwati eNingizimu Afrika likhulu kancane kunelaseEswatini, lapho kunebantfu labangaba ngu-1.2 million. EEswatini yanamuhla, bantfu bemaSwati bafaka ekhatsi bonkhe takhamuti taseEswatini kungakhatsaliseki kutsi bavela kuliphi licembu.

Bunjalo bemaSwati

Emakhosi aseEswatini asukela emuva esikhatsini lapho umugca webukhosi beDlamini wawuhlala endzaweni lesedvute neMaputo.

Sive semaSwati ekucaleni sakhiwa ngemindeni leli-17 leyatiwa ngekutsi bemdzabuko ("emaSwati elicinisile"),^[4] leyahamba nemakhosi akaDlamini emaLangeni ekucala. Lemindeni leli-17 yekusungula bekungemaDlamini, Nhlabathi, Hlophe, Kunene, Mabuza, Madvonsela, Mamba, Matsebula, Mdluli, Motsa, Ngwenya, Shongwe, Sukati, Tsabedze, Tfwala, Mbokane kanye naZwane.^[4]

Eminye imindeni yemaSwati yatiwa ngekutsi Emakhandzambili ("labo labatfolwa ngaphambili", sibonelo Gamedze, Fakudze, Ngcamphalala kanye naMagagula), lokusho kutsi beyivele ikhona kulelive ngaphambi kwekufika nekuhlasela kwemaDlamini. Emafikemuva ("labo labafika ngemuva") ngulabo labajoyina umbuso ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi.^[5]

Lisiko

Kudansa nekucula, lokufaka ekhatsi tingoma tekudvumisa, kubalulekile kakhulu emasikweni emaSwati. Kwenta luphala kanye nekubaza bekungemasiko lamancane.Umshado wesintfu wemaSwati ubitwa ngekutsi umtsimba; uvamise kwenteka ngemphelasontfo ngenkhatsi yesomiso, kusukela ngaJune kuya kuAugust. Umakoti kanye netihlobo takhe baya ekhaya lemkhwenyana ngeLesihlanu ntsambama. NgeMgcibelo ekuseni, licembu lemakoti lihlala ngasemfuleni lisedvute futsi lidle inyama yembuzi noma yenkomo leniketwa ngumndeni wemkhwenyana; ntsambama, badansa ekhaya lemkhwenyana. NgeLisontfo ekuseni, umakoti, kanye netihlobo takhe letingumake, ugwaza umhlaba ngesikhali sekulwa esibayeni semfuyo semkhwenyana; ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi ugcotjwa ngeludaka lolubovu. Lokugcotjwa ngiko lokuba ngumvutfu wencenye lemcoka yemshado: kute umuntfu wesifazane longagcotjwa kabili. Umakoti unika umyeni wakhe netihlobo takhe tipho.^[6]

Umhlanga ngileminye yemikhosi yemasiko leyatiwa kakhulu eEswatini, lowenteka ngaAugust/September njalo ngemnyaka lapho khona emantfombatana lasengakashadi akhokha khona inhlonipho kuNdlovukati. Incwala ngulomunye umcimbi wemasiko wemaSwati lowenteka ngaDecember/January, kuye ngetigaba tenyanga. Lomcimbi, lobitwa nangekutsi "Umkhosi Wemivuno Yekucala", ukhombisa iNkhosi sivuno lesisha emnyakeni.^[7]

Inkholo

Inkholo yesintfu yemaSwati yemukela Nkulunkulu lomkhulu/uMdali njengobe anjalo, kantsi bokhokho bayahlonishwa. Inkholo yemaSwati isekelwe kuMdali lowatiwa ngekutsi nguMvelincanti ("lowayekhona kusukela ekucaleni"). EmaSwati lamanyenti ahlanganisa lenkholelo nebuKhristu besimanje, lobaletselwa bashumayeli. Labanyenti bachubeka nekulandzela tinkholelo tabo tesintfu temoya. Imikhuba yetenkholo yentiwa ezingeni lemndeni futsi ihlobene nekutalwa, kufa kanye nemshado.^[8]

Buka futsi

Umtsimba – umcimbi wemshado

Tinkhomba

↑ Terence Sibiya's Swaziland pages, Swazi People, 17 September 2012. Accessed 15 September 2013
1 2 3 4 5 Culture of Swaziland – history, people, women, beliefs, food, family, social, dress, marriage. Everyculture.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017
↑ Colonial Office (1895). South Africa: Further Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Swaziland. Eyre and Spottiswoode
1 2 Matsebula, J.S.M.(1988). A History of Swaziland, Longman. 3rd edition. ISBN 0582031672. Page 21
↑ Matsebula, JSM (1988). page 21-22
↑ Swaziland National Trust Commission - Cultural Resources – Swazi Culture, SNTC.org.sz. Accessed 27 August 2017
↑ CULTURAL RESOURCES: Swazi Culture The Incwala or Kingship Ceremony SNTC.org.sz, Accessed 22 November 2013
↑ Kasenene, Peter (1992): Religion in Swaziland. South Africa, ABC-CLIO, Page 384. ISBN 0313032254

[1] Terence Sibiya's Swaziland pages, Swazi People, 17 September 2012. Accessed 15 September 2013

[auto-2] 1 2 3 4 5 Culture of Swaziland – history, people, women, beliefs, food, family, social, dress, marriage. Everyculture.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017

[3] Colonial Office (1895). South Africa: Further Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Swaziland. Eyre and Spottiswoode

[auti-4] 1 2 Matsebula, J.S.M.(1988). A History of Swaziland, Longman. 3rd edition. ISBN 0582031672. Page 21

[5] Matsebula, JSM (1988). page 21-22

[6] Swaziland National Trust Commission - Cultural Resources – Swazi Culture, SNTC.org.sz. Accessed 27 August 2017

[7] CULTURAL RESOURCES: Swazi Culture The Incwala or Kingship Ceremony SNTC.org.sz, Accessed 22 November 2013

[8] Kasenene, Peter (1992): Religion in Swaziland. South Africa, ABC-CLIO, Page 384. ISBN 0313032254

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