Indlovukati Elizabeth Make wesive
| Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Richard Stone, 1986 | |
| iThempleti:Br entries | |
| 11 December 1936 – iThempleti:Awrap | |
| 12 May 1937 | |
| Empress consort of India | |
| 11 December 1936 – iThempleti:AwrapiThempleti:Efn | |
| Born | Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-LyoniThempleti:Efn 4 1900 Hitchin or London, England |
| Died | 30 2002 (aged 101) Royal Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England |
| Burial | 9 April 2002 King George VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle |
| Spouse | iThempleti:Marriage |
| Issue | |
| Noble family | Bowes-Lyon |
| Father | Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne |
| Mother | Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck |
| Signature |  |
Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon [ b ] (mhla ti-4 Indlovana 1900 – mhla tingema-30 Indlovana 2002) bekayiNdlovukati yase-United Kingdom kanye neMbuso waseBrithani kusukela mhla tili-11 Inyoni 1936 kuya kumhla ti-6 Indlovana 1952 njengemfati weNkhosi George VI . Waphindze waba ngumfati wekugcina weNdlovukati yaseNdiya kusukela nga 1936 kwaze kwaba ngulapho iBritish Raj ihlakateka mhla tili 15 Indlovana 1947. Ngemuva kwekushona kwemyeni wakhe, watiwa ngalokusemtsetfweni ngekutsi yiNdlovukati Elizabeth Make wesive kugwema kutsi bamphambanise nendvodzakati yakhe iNdlovukati Elizabeth II .
Watalelwa emndenini webantfu labahlonishwako baseBritain, Elizabeth waba ngumuntfu lodvumile nga 1923 ngesikhatsi ashada neMntfwanenkhosi Albert, Duke wase York, indvodzana yesibili yeNkhosi George V neNdlovukati Mary . Laba labashadile kanye nemadvodzakati abo, Elizabeth naMargaret, bebahlanganisa imibono yendzabuko yemndeni kanye nekukhonta emmangweni. Njenga Duchess wase York, Elizabeth wenta imisebenti leyehlukahlukene yemmango ngekuhlala anemdlandla nekukhutsateka.
Nga-1936, indvodza ya-Elizabeth yabekwa esihlalweni sebukhosi kungakalindzeleki yaba nguGeorge VI ngesikhatsi umnakabo lomdzala, Edward VIII, ashiya sikhundla sebukhosi ayoshada nemfati waseMelika lodivosile Wallis Simpson . Elizabeth wase uba yindlovukati . Waphekeletela indvodza yakhe ekuhambeni lwalabakhulu eFrance naseNyakatfo Melika ngaphambi kwekucala kweMphi Yesibili Yemhlaba. Ngesikhatsi semphi, umoya wakhe lobewubonakala ungalawuleki wasekela sive saseBrithani ngekutiphatsa. Ngemuva kwemphi, indvodza yakhe yaphatseka kakhulu, wase uba ngumfelokati aneminyaka lengema 51. Indvodzakati yakhe lendzala lebeyineminyaka lengema 25, yaba yinkhosi lensha.
Ngemuva kwekushona kweNdlovukati Mary nga 1953, Elizabeth watsatfwa njengemholi wemndeni wasebukhosini waseBrithani . Eminyakeni yakhe yekugcina, bekalilunga lelitsandvwako njalo kulomndeni, ngisho nangetikhatsi lapho khona labanye basebukhosini bebahlushwa ngemazinga laphansi ekuvunywa ngummango. Wachubeka nemphilo yemmango lekhutsele kwaze kwaba tinyangana letimbalwa nje phambi kwekushona kwakhe aneminyaka lengu 101, ngemuva kwemaviki lasikhombisa kushone indvodzakati yakhe lencane, iNkhosatana Margaret.
Kuphila kwasekucaleni
[hlela | edit source].jpg)
Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon abeyindvodzakati lencane lengeyemfica ekutalweni kubantfwana labalishumi ba Claude Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis (kamuva angeweli 14 Earl we Strathmore ne Kinghorne ePeerage yaseScotland), nemfati wakhe, Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck. Unina wavela kundvunankhulu weBrithani William Cavendish-Bentinck, wesi 3 Duke wase Portland, nembusi jikelele wase India Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, lobekangulomdzala wakubo lomunye ndvunankhulu, Arthur Wellesley, labenguDuke wekucala waseWellington.[c]
Indzawo yekutalwa kwa-Elizabeth solo ayikaciniseki, kepha kutsiwa watalelwa ekhaya lebatali bakhe eWestminster eBelgrave Mansions, eGrosvenor Gardens, noma e-ambulensini ledvonswa ngemahhashi endleleni leya esibhedlela. Letinye tindzawo letingaba khona tifaka ekhatsi iForbes House eHam, eLondon, likhaya lagogo wakhe lotala unina, Louisa Scott . Kutalwa kwakhe kwabhaliswa eHitchin, eHertfordshire, dvute nendlu yasemaphandleni yemaStrathmores, iSt Paul’s Walden Bury, leyaphindze yaniketwa njengendzawo yakhe yekutalwa elubalweni lwanga 1901 na 1911 . Wabusiswa lapho mhla tingema-23 Inyoni 1900, esontfweni lepharish lendzawo, All Saints.
Elizabeth wacitsa sikhatsi lesinyenti sebuntfwana bakhe eSt Paul's Walden naseGlamis Castle, likhaya labokhokho ba-Earl eScotland . Wayitfolela ekhaya imfundvo afundziswa ngu governess waze waba neminyaka lesiphohlongo, futsi abetsandza imidlalo yangaphandle, atsandza nemahhashi lasemancane kanye netinja. Ngesikhatsi acala esikolweni eLondon, wamangalisa bothishela bakhe ngekutsi acale indzaba lenemagama lamabili esiGriki lasuka ku- Anabasis ya Xenophon . Tifundvo takhe letinhle kakhulu bekusemibhalo iLiterature kanye netenkholo. Ngemuva kwekubuyela emfundvweni yangasese ngaphansi kwembusi wemaJuda waseJalimane, Käthe Kübler, waphumelela ngemalengiso esivivinyweni saseOxford aneminyaka lelishumi nantathu.
Ngelilanga la-Elizabeth lekutalwa lelishumi nakune, iBritain yamemetela imphi neJalimane . Bomnakabo labane bebakhonta kulemphi. Umnakabo lomdzala Fergus, sikhulu ku Black Watch Regiment, washonela khona asebenta eMphini yase Loos nga 1915. Lomunye umnakabo, Michael, wabikwa kutsi ulahlekile kuwo lomshikashika ngema 28 April 1917. Ngemuva kwemaviki lamatsatfu, umndeni watfola kutsi ulimele ngemuva kwekutfunjwa. Wahlala enkambu yetiboshwa temphi sonkhe sikhatsi semphi. I-Glamis yaguculwa yaba likhaya lekuvuselela emasotja lalimele, Elizabeth lasita kutsi lisebente. Waba neligalelo lelikhulu kakhulu ekuhleleni kukhululwa kwetintfo leticuketfwe kulesigodlo ngesikhatsi semlilo lomkhulu mhla tili-16 Inyoni 1916. Lomunye wemasotja lawelapha wabhala encwadzini yakhe ye-autograph kutsi bekufanele "Aphakanyiswe, aphatse, & kwengetwe emandla akhe. ... Alengiswe emadayimaneni, ahlale esihlalweni namane, futsi endlini lencono kakhulu kulelive." [ 15 ] Mhla tisi 5 Lweti 1916, waciniswa eSontfweni le St John's Scottish Episcopal eForfar .
Lowaba wekucala kutsandzana naElizabeth ngu Charles Gordon-Lennox, iNkhosi Settrington, le dzadzewabo, Inkhosatana Doris, bekangumngani wakhe lomkhulu. Ngesikhatsi ashona, Elizabeth wambita ngekutsi "ngumngani wami lokuphela weliciniso", wabhala: "Bengingenamahloni ngaye futsi bengimtfokotela kakhulu. Kubuhlungu, futsi umndeni wakhe bewumkhontile.[...] Charlie nguye kuphela lebengingakhuluma naye ngendlela yemvelo futsi lemelula – bengimkhonte kakhulu, futsi ngiyamkhumbula kakhulu". Settrington wabulawa tilondza latitfola ibambene ngetihlutfu asikhulu kuRoyal Fusiliers eMbutfweni Wekusita waseNyakatfo Russia mhla tingema24 Indlovana 1919.
Umntfwanenkhosi Albert, uMbusi wase York —"Bertie" emndenini—bekayindvodzana yesibili yeNkhosi George V neNdlovukati Mary . Wacala kucela lutsandvo kuElizabeth nga 1921, kepha wamlahla, "wesaba kutsi angaphindze, angaphindze akhululeke kucabanga, kukhuluma kanye nekwenta njengoba ngibona kutsi kufanele ngente". Ngesikhatsi amemetela kutsi angeke ashade nalomunye, iNdlovukati Mary yavakashela Glamis kutsi iyotibonela lentfombatana lebeyincobe lutsandvo lwendvodzana yayo. Waciniseka kutsi Elizabeth "nguyona intfombatana lengajabulisa Bertie", kepha wala kufaka sandla. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, Elizabeth watsandzana na James Stuart, umgibeli wemahhashi wa Albert, waze washiya umsebenti walomntfwanenkhosi waya emsebentini loholela kahle ebhizinisini lase Melika la-oyili.
Ngenyanga yeNdlovana nga 1922, Elizabeth bekasitolomisi emshadweni wadzadzewabo Albert, iNkhosatana Mary, ku Viscount Lascelles. Ngenyanga lelandzelako, Albert waphindze wamcela umshado, kodvwa waphindze wamala. Ekugcineni nga January 1923, Elizabeth wavuma kushada na Albert, noma nje abengabata ngemphilo yasebukhosini. Inkhululeko ya Albert yekukhetsa Elizabeth, hhayi lilunga lemndeni wasebukhosini, noma nje abeyindvodzakati yabontsanga, bekutsatfwa njengesento lesitsambela simanjemanje setepolitiki, ngaphambilini, bantfwabenkhosi (labadvuna) bekulindzeleke kutsi bashade emakhosatane lavela kuleminye imindeni yebukhosi. Bakhetsa indandatho yemtsembiso yeplatinum lene safire yase Kashmir lenemadayimane lamabili layihlobisa emaceleni.
Laba lababili bashada mhla tinge-26 Indlovana 1923, eWestminster Abbey . Kungatelelwa, Elizabeth wabeka sitfungo sakhe setimbali eThuneni leMphi lelibutfo Lelingatiwa ngesikhatsi angena e-abbey, ngekukhumbula umnakabo Fergus. Elizabeth waba nesitayela seMbuso Wakhe Lophakeme iDuchess yase York . Ngemuva kwesidlo sasekuseni semshado eSigodlweni saseBuckingham lebesilungiswe ngumpheki Gabriel Tschumi, Elizabeth na-Albert bahamba batikhipha baya (kuhoneymoon) ePolesden Lacey, endlini lenkhulu eSurrey yemngumngani wakhe Margaret Greville . Babese baya eScotland, lapho atfola khona "lokungatsandzeki" kukhwehlela lokukhulu .
Inkhosatana yase York
[hlela | edit source]
Ngemuva kwekuvakasha kwasebukhosini lokwaba yimphumelelo eNyakatfo Ireland ngaKholwane 1924, hulumende wetisebenti wavuma kutsi Albert na-Elizabeth bangavakasha eMphumalanga Afrika kusukela ngaDisemba 1924 kuya kuMabasa 1925. Hulumende wetisebenti wehlulwa ngema- Conservatives elukhetfweni jikelele ngeLweti (lakuchaza kunina ngekutsi "kuyamangalisa" Elizabeth) - Umphatsi jikelele weSudan yemaNgisi nemaGibhithe, Sir Lee Stack, wabulawa ngemuva kwemaviki lamatsatfu. Nome kunjalo, loluhambo lwachubeka, futsi bavakashela e-Aden, eKenya, e-Uganda, naseSudan, kepha ngetepolitiki letibucayi iGibhithe bayigwema.
.jpg)
Albert bekanekukhukhumala, lokutsintsa likhono lakhe lekwetfula tinkhulumo, futsi ngemuva kweMphala 1925, Elizabeth wasita ekumsiteni ngekwelashwa lokwasungulwa ngu Lionel Logue, sicephu lesavetwa kufilimu ya 2010 Inkhulumo YeNkhosi . Nga 1926, laba lababili baba nemntfwana wabo wekucala, iNkhosatana Elizabeth—"Lilibet" emndenini—lobekatawuba yiNdlovukati Elizabeth II ngemuva kwesikhatsi. Albert na Elizabeth, ngaphandle kwemntfwana wabo, baya e Australia bayovula iPhalamende eCanberra nga 1927. Waba, ngemavi akhe, "bekadzabukile kakhulu ngekushiya lomntfwana". Luhambo lwabo ngelwandle lwabatsatsa ngekuhamba nge Jamaica, Umsele wase Panama kanye ne Pacific; Elizabeth bekahlala akhatsateka ngemntfwana wakhe emuva eBrithani, kepha luhambo lwabo lwaba yimphumelelo yebudlelwane nemmango. Watsandza ummango eFiji ngesikhatsi, njengoba aphatsana ngetandla nelayini lemidze yetivakashi letisemtsetfweni, inja lelahlekile yangena kulomkhosi futsi naye wanyakatisa sidladla sayo. ENew Zealand wagula ngemkhuhlane futsi akazange abe netinkhulumo letitsite, kepha wajabulela kudoba kwasendzaweni eBay of Islands apheleketelwe ngumdobi wetemidlalo wase Australia Harry Andreas . Eluhambeni lwekubuya, ngekuhamba eMauritius, Umsele waseSuez, eMalta naseGibraltar, intfutfuko yabo, HMS Renown, wabamba umlilo futsi balungiselela kushiya umkhumbi ngaphambi kwekutsi lomlilo ulawulwe.