Inkhulumo ngumkhuba wetenhlalo lobumba futsi ubunjiwe tikhungo, bomatisi kanye nemagugu emasiko. Tifundziswa letifana naMichel Foucault tichaza inkhulumo njengetinhlelo tekucabanga letakha liciniso^[1]. Inkhulumo ikhicita lwati ngekuchaza loko lokushiwo, kutsi kushiwo njani nekutsi ngubani lotfola kukusho. Inkhulumo yemitsi ibumba indlela lesiyivisisa ngayo imphilo, kugula kanye nekwelashwa. Inkhulumo iboshelwe ku-dynamics yamandla. Kucinisa noma kuphikisa tigaba tetenhlalakahle, imikhuba kanye nemibono.

Kucondza Lokuvela Kufilosofi

Inkhulumo nenshokutsi ingetulu kwekukhulumisana-kuluhlaka lolubumba kutsi silubona njani liciniso, kuphocelelwa kwemikhuba kanye nekusetjentiswa kwemandla. Ngekusho kwaFoucault inkhulumo isho tindlela lapho lulwimi lusetjentiswa khona kwakha nekucinisa inchazelo, lwati, kanye nemandla. Inkhulumo ayipheleli elulwimini futsi ingasetjentiswa kunobe nguyiphi indlela bantfu labakhicita ngayo inchazelo.^[2] Inkhulumo ichaza kutsi yini leliciniso noma levamile emmangweni.

Tibonelo temcondvo wenkhulumo:

Inkhulumo yekwelapha: Indlela lwati lwetekwelapha lolwakhiwa ngayo futsi lolusakatwa ngayo ngelulwimi, kufaka ekhatsi emagama nemicondvo lesetjentiswa kuchaza tifo, tindlela tekwelapha, kanye nemtimba wemuntfu.^[2]

Inkhulumo ye-psychology: Indlela lwati lwe-psychology lelwakhiwa futsi lelusakatwa ngayo ngelulwimi, kufaka ekhatsi emagama nemicondvo lesetjentiswa kuchaza timo tetingcondvo, imiva, kanye nekutiphatsa.^[2]

Inshokutsi Yetimphawu Temasiko

Inshokutsi yetimphawu temasiko ingacondzakala ngekwati kutsi tintfo temasiko tihunyushwa njani, tikhulunywa njani futsi kuphikiswana njani ngato ngaphakatsi kwemimango. Kufaka ekhatsi tinhlelo tenshokutsi, emandla embuso kanye netimiso temasiko letibumba indlela lesicondza ngayo futsi lesihlatiya ngayo letintfo.

Emasiko

Emasiko ligama lelisho isethi lenkhulu nalehlukahlukene yetintfo letiphatselene kakhulu nemphilo yetenhlalakahle. Ngekusho kwetifundziswa tetenhlalakahle, emasiko ahlanganisa emagugu, tinkholelo, tinhlelo telulwimi, kuchumana, kanye nemikhuba bantfu labahlanganyela ngayo futsi lengasetjentiswa kubachaza njengekuhlanganyela.^[3]

Tibonelo Temasiko

Tintfo temasiko emkhatsini waletinye tifaka ekhatsi:^[4]

Timphawu: Timphawu tiyincenye lebalulekile yemasiko—tisita imimango kutsi ivete tinkholelo, emagugu, emasiko, kanye nebunikati. Tingatsatfwa ngetindlela letinyenti, njengemafulegi, titfombe tenkholo, tindlela tekugcoka, timphawu, tebuciko, ngisho nelulwimi lolu. Buciko buveta kucamba lokuhlangene kanye nemlandvo ngetindlela letehlukahlukene njengemculo, umdanso, noma temibhalo.

Lulwimi: Lulwimi lusebenta njengendlela lehamba embili yekukhulumisana. Sibonelo, siSwati sikhulunywa kakhulu kulo lonkhe live laseSwatini kanye naletinye tincenye taseNingizimu Afrika, sinemtselela ekusebentisaneni kwebantfu kanye nemasiko.

Inkholo: Inkholo ivame kucondzisa imikhuba yekutiphatsa kanye nemikhuba yemmango. Etindzaweni letinyenti emhlabeni, buKhristu budlala indzima lebalulekile ekutsintseni imphilo yamalanga onkhe kanye netimiso temmango.
Imihambo nemasiko: Emasiko afundzisa phindze ayale ngendlela yekutiphatsa ngesikhatsi semicimbi lebalulekile noma emasiko. Kugubha Sibhaca eSwatini singumhambo nelisiko lesive semaSwati. Kungenteka kutsi sigidzwe makujabuliwe nobe ngesikhatsi semkhosi tsite; emajaha angacudzelana ngemincintiswano yekudansa levame kubanjwa njengencenye yemikhosi lefana nekugubha kisumu lwenkhululeko noma imikhosi yelilanga lekutalwa LeNkhosi.^[5]
Lijaha Ligidza Sibhaca.

Inkhulumo Yetimphawu

Timphawu tifaka ekhatsi titfombe, timphawu noma buciko emkhatsini waletinye tintfo. Timphawu titfola inchazelo ngekusebentisa emakhodi emasiko lahlanganyelwe kanye nebudlelwane bemandla. Ekufundzeni kwetimphawu tifundziswa letifana naFerdinand de Saussure^[6] naCharles Peirce^[7] basebentisa ema-semiotics^[8] lafundza kutsi timphawu tiyindlulisela njani inchazelo ngekusebentisa timphawu (ifomu) kanye nemcondvo. Ngako kuvisisa buciko, tintfo letidaliwe letingagcini nje ngebuhle kepha tifakwe tinhlaka temasiko, tetepolitiki kanye netemibono. Leti titfwala tinshokutsi letibunjwe ngekutfolakala kwato, kukhombisa kanye nekuhumusha.

Kuze ucondzisise timphawu kufanele ucabange ngalokulandzelako:

Kwakha inshokutsi: Indlela lekuhumushwa ngayo buciko kanye netintfo letidaliwe.
Tikhungo (Takhiwo): Imisamo, emagalari kanye nebagceki bachaza kutsi yini "lebalulekile" noma "lesemtsetfweni" ngebuciko.
Emandla: Buciko bungacinisa noma bugucule takhiwo temandla (sibonelo. buciko bema-feminist lobugceka i-partiarchy noma buciko besikhatsi sembuso wencindzetelo lobudvumisa incindzetelo).
Itiyori Lebucayi (Critical Theory)^[9]: Tifundziswa letifana naWalter Benjamin (ku-Aura of Art) noma Pierre Bourdien (ku-Cultural Capital) basebentisa indlela lebalulekile yekuhlatiya kutsi buciko buyibumba njani indzaba yetenhlalakahle.

Tinkhomba

↑ J.Pearson, Re-edited (2006). Discourse and Truth: the Problematization of Parrhesia. Retrieved from https://foucault.info/s/pdf/DiscourseAndTruth%20MichelFoucault%201983%200.pdf
1 2 3 Foucault's Concept of Discourse Explained. Retrieved from https://culturalstudiesnow.blogspot.com/2017/03/foucault-concept-of-discourse-explained.html#google_vignette
↑ Cole, N. L. (2024). So what is culture, exactly? Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/culture-definition-4135409
↑ 7 Elements of Culture with Real-World Examples. Retrieved fromhttps://examples-of.net/7-elements-of-culture/#google_vignette
↑ Oz Outback. Sibhaca Dancing in Swaziland. Retrieved from https://ozoutback.com.au/Swaziland/sibhaca/index.html
↑ Ferdinand de Saussure. Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure
↑ Charles Sanders Peirce. Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce
↑ Semiotics. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics
↑ Critical theory. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_theory

[1] J.Pearson, Re-edited (2006). Discourse and Truth: the Problematization of Parrhesia. Retrieved from https://foucault.info/s/pdf/DiscourseAndTruth%20MichelFoucault%201983%200.pdf

[:0-2] 1 2 3 Foucault's Concept of Discourse Explained. Retrieved from https://culturalstudiesnow.blogspot.com/2017/03/foucault-concept-of-discourse-explained.html#google_vignette

[3] Cole, N. L. (2024). So what is culture, exactly? Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/culture-definition-4135409

[4] 7 Elements of Culture with Real-World Examples. Retrieved fromhttps://examples-of.net/7-elements-of-culture/#google_vignette

[5] Oz Outback. Sibhaca Dancing in Swaziland. Retrieved from https://ozoutback.com.au/Swaziland/sibhaca/index.html

[6] Ferdinand de Saussure. Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure

[7] Charles Sanders Peirce. Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce

[8] Semiotics. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics

[9] Critical theory. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_theory

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