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Kucala kuVota wetihlanga tonkhe eNingizimi Afrika

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Kucala kuvota kwetihlanga tonkhe eNingizimi Afrika nge lukhetfo jikelele lwabanjwa eNingizimu Afrika emkhatsini wamhlaka 26 namhlaka 29 Mabasa 1994. [1] Lolukhetfo bekulilanga lekucala lapho takhamiti tato tonkhe tinhlanga betivumelekile kutsi tihlanganyele, ngako-ke bekulilanga lekucala lelakhetfwa ngelilungelo lekuvota jikelele. Lolukhetfo lwabanjwa ngaphasi kwekucondzisa kweKhomishini Yelukhetfo Lolutimele (i-IEC), futsi kwaphawula kuphelela kwenchubo yeminyaka lemine leyacedza lubandlululo.

Kuvota kwebantfu langetulu kwetigidzi

Tigidzi tebantfu betime emgceni emalanga lamane kute tivote. Kwabalwa emavoti langu-19 726 579, futsi langu-193 081 alahlwa njengalawo langasebenti. Njengoba bekulindzelekile, i-African National Congress (ANC), lebeyifaka ekhatsi inhlangano yetisebenti i-COSATU kanye ne-South African Communist Party (SACP), incobe ngetindlela letinkhulu, yatsatsa 62% wemavoti, lokulingana netincenye letimbili kuletintsatfu telinani letidzingekako kute kuguculwe uMtsetfosisekelo wesikhashana. Njengobe bekudzingekile ngalomculu, iANC yakha Hulumende weBunye waVelonkhe neNational Party kanye ne-Inkatha Freedom Party, leminye emacembu lamabili lazuza tihlalo letingetulu kwa-20 kuSigungu Savelonkhe. I-National Party lenemandla yatfola 20% wemaphesenti elukhetfo, ngako-ke yabekwa esikhundleni sekuba liSekela laMengameli ku Mengameli De Klerk. Sento sekucala seSigungu Savelonkhe lesisha kwaba kukhetsa Nelson Mandela kutsi abe nguMengameli, lokwamenta waba ngumengameli wekucala lomnyama kulelive. Wabese ubeka iKhabhinethi yaNelson Mandela.

Nga-1948, hulumende welicembu lebuve lebelisandza kukhetfwa eNingizimu Afrika wacala luhlelo lwebuve lobuhlukene, lolwabangela kutsi bantfu labamhlophe labangemaYurophu babe neligunya kutembusave. Ngaphansi kweMtsetfo wekuBhalisa Bantfu, 1950, bonkhe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika bebabekwa nguhulumende njengalabamhlophe, labamnyama, labanebala (labahlanganisiwe) nobe emaNdiya. Lilungelo lekuvota laligcinelwe bantfu labamhlophe, budlelwane ngekwelicansi emkhatsini wetive bebangakavunyelwa futsi ngetulu kwa-80% wemhlaba walelive wawugcinelwe bantfu labamhlophe. Emalunga ebantfu labamnyama bephucwa buve babo ngaphansi kwe Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970, futsi esikhundleni saloko abentiwa takhamiti te "bantustans", tindzawo lebetigcinelwe emacembu ebantfu labamnyama lahlukahlukene.[2] Hulumende wase Ningizimu Afrika wahlangabetana nekugceka kwemave ngemave ngemuva kwekususwa kwemakholonisi e-Afrika, kwatsi ngemnyaka wa-1980, lelive lalilwa neludlame lolukhulu lwetepolitiki yangekhatsi, imphi yekulwela inkhululeko eNamibia kanye nekungenelela e-Angola kanye nemnotfo lowehlulekako losindvwa tijeziso temave ngemave kanye netindleko letisindzako tekuphepha kwesive, ngalokunemphumelelo kuphocelela hulumende kutsi ahambe abuke ekuguculweni kwetembusave.[3]

Kucala kwekuvota kwa Mandela

Nga-1983, P. W. Botha Hulumende waBotha wavuma umtsetfosisekelo lomusha, lowafaka iPhalamende yeTricameral, netindlu letengetiwe letimele bantfu labamnyama kanye nemaNdiya. Nomakunjalo, labamnyama bahlala bangemelelwa ephalamende, nekumelwa kutembusave bekukhona ngaphansi kweluhlelo lwe bantustan. Emacembu laphikisana nelubandlululo laphikisana nePhalamende yeTindlu Letintsatfu esikhundleni saloko ahlangana ngaphansi kwe United Democratic Front. Lukhetfo lwanga-1984 lolwabanjwa bantfu labangasibo labamhlophe lwaphindze lwabhekana nekungavumelani lokukhulu lokuvela kubantfu baseNdiya kanye nalabamnyama.[4] [5]Nga 1985, hulumende wacala kusebentisa simo lesiphutfumako njengemphendvulo ekuvukeleni lokuchubekako kwemphakatsi, lokufaka ekhatsi kuvinjelwa lokukhulu kwenkhululeko yekuhamba, inkhululeko yekukhuluma kanye nenkhululeko yebetindzaba, ikakhulu kubantfu baseNingizimu Afrika labangasibo labaMhlophe. [6] Nga-1989, F. W. de Klerk wakhetfwa njengaMengameli Wesive sase Ningizimu Afrika, alandzela Botha. [7][8]Ngenyanga yeNdlovana emnyakeni wa 1990, de Klerk wenta inkhulumo ekuvulweni kwePhalamende eKapa, lapho khona wamemetela ngenhloso yakhe yekuvala emacembu laphikisana nelubandlululo lafana ne ANC, SACP kanye ne Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), kukhulula tiboshwa tepolitiki letifana nemholi we ANC Nelson Mandela kanye nekucela inchubo yekubonisana nelicembu lephikisako lelisusa lubandlululo.[1] Nga 11 Indlovana, Mandela wakhululwa ejele lase Victor Verster eKapa, ngemuva kweminyaka lengu 27 asejele. [2][9]


Tinkhulumiswano letisemtsetfweni phakatsi kwe ANC kanye nahulumende bekumele ticale nga 11 Mabasa 1990. Kepha nga 26 Indlovulenkhulu, emaphoyisa avula umlilo kubantfu lebebabhikisha edolobheni lase Sebokeng, kwafa bantfu labangu 11. Ngenca yaloko, iANC yakhansela letinkhulumiswano, futsi tinkhulumiswano tahlelelwa umhlaka 2-4 Nkhwekhweti ngemuva kwemhlangano lophutfumako emkhatsini waMandela na de Klerk. "Tinkhulumo ngetinkhulumo" betibanjelwe eGroote Schuur esigodlweni semengameli, futsi bekuhloswe kutsi kucociswane ngemibandzela ngaphambi kwekutsi kucociswane ngemtsetfosisekelo kucale. Lamacembu avumelana ngekubambisana kutsi acinise budlova kutepolitiki, kanye nekusungula licembu lelisebentako. Ngenyanga yeNgci nga 6, hulumende kanye ne ANC bakhipha lesinye simemetelo lesihlangene, lesatiwa ngekutsi yi Pretoria Minute, lapho khona i ANC kanye neluphiko lwayo loluhlomile, uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) bavumelana nekumiswa kwemisebenti lehlomile, ngekuntjintja hulumende ngekususa lesimo lesiphutfumako (ngalesosikhatsi besisebenta esifundzeni sase Natal kuphela), kukhululwa lokwengetiwe kwetiboshwa tepolitiki kusuka ngenyanga yeNyoni nga 1990, kanye nekubuketwa kwemibandzela letsite yeMtsetfo weTekuphepha kwangekhatsi.[10][11] 14 Inyoni 1991, tinhlangano letingu-24 tasayina Sivumelwane seKuthula saVelonkhe, lebesifaka ekhatsi umtsetfo wekutiphatsa kwemacembu etepolitiki kanye nemibutfo yetekuphepha, kanye netakhiwo tekusombulula kungcubutana kutepolitiki, njengeKhomishini yeGoldstone.[12]

IMITFOMBO YELWATI

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  1. 1 2 SOUTH AFRICA: parliamentary elections National Assembly, 1994
  2. 1 2 Apartheid | South Africa, Definition, Facts, Beginning, & End | Britannica
  3. ↑ Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - Office of the Historian
  4. ↑ Tricameral Parliament Description 2 - The O'Malley Archives
  5. ↑ United Democratic Front (UDF) - The O'Malley Archives
  6. ↑ State of Emergency - 1985 | South African History Online
  7. ↑ F. W. de Klerk's speech at the opening of Parliament 2 February 1990 - The O'Malley Archives
  8. ↑ On this day 25 years ago, the speech that changed South Africa forever
  9. ↑ Feb. 11th, 1990: Nelson Mandela released from prison - CBS News
  10. ↑ "Minutes and Accords between the ANC and the South African Government, May 1990 – February 1991". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  11. ↑ Simpson, Thula (2009). "Toyi-Toyi-ing to Freedom: The Endgame in the ANCs Armed Struggle, 1989-1990". Journal of Southern African Studies. 35 (2): 507–521. doi:10.1080/03057070902920015. hdl:2263/14707. ISSN 0305-7070. JSTOR 40283245. S2CID 145785746
  12. ↑ Camay, Phiroshaw; Gordon, Anne J. "The National Peace Accord and its Structures". The O'Malley Archives.
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