Kulondvolotwa kwetilwimi eNingizimu Afrika

Kulondvolotwa kwetilwimi ngumzamo wekuvikela nekusekela tilwimi letisengotini yekushabalala, kuvame kubangelwa kuhlanganiswa kwemasiko, kuhlangana kwemhlaba wonkhe, noma kwehla kwelinani lebakhulumi bato. Loku kufaka ekhatsi imisebenti lefana nekubhala luhlelo lwelulwimi nemagama, kubhalwa kwebantfu labakhuluma lulwimi lolwengetiwe, kufundzisa lulwimi etitukulwaneni letinsha kanye nekukhutsata kusetjentiswa kwalo emphilweni yemalanga onkhe. Kulondvolota lulwimi kubaluleke kakhulu ngobe kunemlandvo, buntfu kanye nembono lowehlukile ngebantfu labakhuluma lolulwimi. Lulwimi ngalunye lunelwati lwendzabuko, lokufaka ekhatsi emasiko endzawo, lwati ngemvelo, kanye nemlandvo lowendluliselwa ngemlomo longalahleka nangabe lolulwimi lufa. Ngaloko-ke, kulondvolotwa kwelulwimi akusiyo nje kuphela indzaba yekulondvolota emagama, kepha kulondvolotwa kwemagugu emasiko kanye nekwehlukahlukana kwawo. ^[1]

Kubaluleka kwekulondvolotwa kwetilwimi

Lulwimi nemasiko kuhlangene. Lulwimi lubonisa loko lokubalulekile kulabo labakhulumako. Ngakulolunye luhlangotsi, tilwimi tiyagucuka njengobe imiphakatsi ikhula futsi ishintja. Nangabe tilwimi tifa, nemasiko ayafa kanye nato. Ngekwemlandvo, emasiko bekavame kwendluliselwa ngemlomo; tindzaba kanye netimfundziso betendluliselwa titukulwane ngetitukulwane ngaphandle kwekubhalwa. Loku kusasebenta etilwimini letinyenti letisengotini yekushabalala. ^[2]

Singalondvolota Njani Tilwimi?

Incenye yekucala yekulondvolota lulwimi kuvikela lulwimi. Kufaka ekhatsi kucaphela kutsi lulwimi lusengotini yekulahleka kanye nekwakha timo tekutsi lukhulunywe futsi lufundziswe.Nangabe kusele bantfu labanyenti labakhuluma lulwimi lolutsite, kungentiwa imetamo yekulwendlulisela kulesinye situkulwane. Letincwadzi tisita bantfu kutsi bangagcini nje ngekwati lulwimi kodvwa baphindze bafundze nangemasiko ebantfu labakhuluma lolulwimi.

Bobani labasindzisa Tilwimi

Lihhovisi le-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Office (UNESCO)

likhutsata liphindze lisekele kufundvwa kwetilwimi tendzabuko kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letinyenti. Baphindze bacoce futsi basekele kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko kutemfundvo, kubetindzaba naku-inthanethi.

Imiphakatsi Yesigodzi kanye Nebakhulumi Betilwimi Letisemtsetfweni

Badlala indzima lebaluleke kakhulu, njengobe bangulabagcini labaphilako betilwimi tabo. Kwetfulwa kwelulwimi kusukela esitukulwaneni kuye kulesinye kubalulekile kute lulondvolotwe.

Hulumende

Hulumende wavelonkhe newesifundza angenta inchubomgomo yekusekela imfundvo yetilwimi letinyenti, kwemukelwa ngalokusemtsetfweni kwetilwimi letincane, kanye nekuniketa timali tekubhalwa kwetilwimi kanye nekuvuselelwa kwato.

Tikhungo Temfundvo Letiphakeme kanye Netati Tilwimi

Emanyuvesi, bacwaningi kanye netati telulwimi tisebenta ngekubhala tilwimi letisengotini yekushabalala, kwakha tinhlelo telulwimi kanye netichazamagama, kanye nekwakha imitfombo yetemfundvo.

Tinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwahulumende (NGOs)

Emacembu lafana ne-SIL International, i-Endangered Languages Project, kanye ne-Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages asebenta mhlabawonkhe kusekela imitamo yekulondvolota tilwimi.

Indzima ledlalwa lulwimi ekundluliseni lwati, kuhlakanipha kanye nemphilo

Lulwimi ludlala indzima lebalulekile ekwendluliseni lwati, kuhlakanipha kanye nemphilo. Kuyindlela yekukhulumisana leletsa luvelo lwekuba lilunga lelicembu lelitsite lebuve. Ngako-ke, indzima yelucwaningo ekusekeleni kulondvolotwa kwemasiko kanye netilwimi tendzabuko esimeni semasiko lahlukahlukene, ibalulekile ekuvuseleleni buntfu bemuntfu. Ngaphandle kwelucwaningo netincwadzi, kuvuselelwa kanye nekulondvolotwa kwemasiko kanye netilwimi kuyanyamalala ngenca yekungabekwa esikhungweni sekukhombisa bacwaningi kanye nebashicileli labangemukeli buntfu babo. Ngalesikhatsi labanye bangena emasikweni latsite, bagcine sebayekele indlela yabo yekuphila, bacale lenye, lokwenta emasiko abo kanye netilwimi tabo kube sengotini. ^[3]

Bacwaningi labanyenti nobe tati tikholelwa kutsi kubhala nekushicilela kungasita ekulondvoloteni tilwimi tendzabuko emphakatsini lokhulako nalotfutfukako. Bososayensi betilwimi babaluleke kakhulu emfundvweni ngobe bangakha tindlu tekushicilela kanye netinhlelo tekulondvolota tilwimi letitawugcina lisiko kanye nekwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi emphakatsini wetive letinyenti. ENingizimu Afrika, umcondvo we-Ubuntu bekusolo uhola ekwakheni umphakatsi lobumbene lowemukela lisiko kanye nelulwimi lwemuntfu ngaphandle kwekubandlulula, kucindzeteleka kanye nekwencaba.

Ngekusebentisa emakhono ekuphila endzabuko ase-Afrika, ifilosofi ye-ubuntu isakatwa kanye nemigomo, emagugu nemasiko lahlanganiswe kumuntfu kusukela asesemncane. Loku kucacisa kutsi ifilosofi ye-ubuntu ngulenye yetintfo letingasetjentiswa nguwo wonkhe umuntfu ngoba ifana nebantfu mhlabawonkhe labanemasiko netilwimi letehlukene letiphumelelako kutsi tisindze endzaweni lenetinkinga yetindlela tekuphila letisandza kuvela

Imfundvo yemakhono ekuphila kwebantfu bendzabuko base-Afrika idlala indzima lebalulekile emiphakatsini yebantfu bendzabuko eNingizimu Afrika, nanobe kunjalo tikhungo temfundvo lephakeme kufanele kube ngibo labachuba lomsebenti wekulondvolota lulwimi nemasiko ngetinchubomgomo tabo. Loku kwakha indzawo yekwati lulwimi lwebafundzi, bafundzi labaphotfulile kanye netisebenti letifisa kulandzela tifiso tato kumibutsano yetilwimi letehlukene letawusita ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi nemasiko. Nanobe kunjalo, lamanye emave alahlekelwe tilwimi tawo ngobe tatitsatfwa njengaletiphansi futsi bekungekho tindlela tekutivikela, kutfutfukisa kanye nekulondvolota tilwimi tawo.

Ngekubuka lucwaningo lwetinhlelo telwati lwendzabuko lolutimele licembu lelitsite lebantfu, lisiko kanye nelulwimi kusembili kuko konkhe. Tisekelo tefilosofi yendzabuko yelwati lwendzabuko igcizelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi elucwaningweni njengoba lutfwala lwati kusuka kubahlanganyeli labatibandzakanya ngekukhululeka ngaphandle kwanobe ngabe ngubuphi bumatima. Ngetulu kwaloko, angeke kube nebantfu ngaphandle kwemasiko ngako lisiko nelulwimi angeke kwehlukaniswe kulomunye nalomunye; tihlangene ngetizatfu letincono kakhulu kumuntfu.

Indzima yetiLwimi tase-Afrika nemasiko ekucwaningeni

Lucwaningo lwekwati lwendzabuko luyatfutfuka ngetilwimi tendzabuko tase-Afrika ngobe ngulapho banikati belwati baniketa lwati ngekukhululeka basebentisa lulwimi. Ngemavi lalula, lwati lubekwe elulwimini futsi lucwaningo lususelwa elulwimini. Kubalulekile kutsi bacwaningi, ikakhulukati labo labasuka etindzaweni temdzabu, bati kutsi ngekufaka ekhatsi lucwaningo lwase-Afrika, lulwimi lubaluleke kakhulu futsi lubalulekile. Kwetfulwa kwelwati kuncike elulwimini, bacwaningi jikelele bancike elulwimini kute bakhulumisane nebanikati belwati. ^[4]

Bumatima belulwimi bungenta umtselela lomubi kakhulu kumkhakha wetenhlalakahle ikakhulukati ekucwaningeni ngobe ngulapho khona lolwati lubekwe khona. Umcwaningi bekacokelela lwati, alubhale abuye aluhumushele esiNgisini kodvwa agcine alahlekelwe yinchazelo yaloko lobekushiwo ngulomhlanganyeli, ngako-ke kubaluleka kwelulwimi. Akukhatsateki kutsi lomcwaningi uphuma kusiphi sifundza; lulwimi ludlala indzima lebalulekile endzaweni yelucwaningo. Ngako-ke, kubalulekile kutsi tifundziswa tihlale tibuyela kubantfu labatsintsekako kute ticinisekise kutsi loko labakunikete ngesikhatsi sekuhlangana. Linyenti lalabahlanganyeli labasuka emiphakatsini yendzawo basebentisa tilwimi tabo letisemtsetfweni njengobe tilwimi tekuchumana futsi linyenti laloko labati ngako lingabonakaliswa ngelulwimi lwabo.

Ngekusebentisa lucwaningo kanye netincwadzi lulwimi nemasiko kungavikelwa. Ngetulu kwaloko kutawudlala indzima ekuvuseleleni buntfu bemuntfu. Emkhakheni wetemfundvo lephakeme, bantfu labanelwati babalulekile elucwaningweni loluphumelelako ngobe ngulabo labaniketa lwati loluningi kanye nemibono ngemasiko ngetilwimi tabo, ngako-ke kute indzima yelulwimi nemasiko elucwaningweni ngaphandle kwabo. kubalulekile kutsi bacwaningi bacale ngekutigcabha babuyisele, babeke embili, baphindze bente tindlela tekucwaninga temave emhlaba kute bakhombise intsandvo yabo elulwimini kanye nasemasikweni.

Kuhleleka emkhatsini wekubusa kwetilwimi tendzabuko kanye nemasiko ngalokucacile kunekutsintseka ngebuwena bemuntfu, kwemukela kanye nekugcina emagugu kanye nemigomo lecondzisako. siNgisi silulwimi lolusemtsetfweni pheceleti (lingua franca) kufilosofi yesayensi kanye netati letidlala umdlalo wetemfundvo ngaphandle kwalendlela, kungenteka tingatfoli kuhlonishwa etindzaweni tetemfundvo. Lesi ngulesinye setizatfu lesenta tilwimi letinyenti tiphelelwe sikhatsi njengobe tingasetjentiswa kakhulu etincwadzini naseticwaningweni ngenca yekungalingani kwemalungelo. Uma tonkhe tilwimi tingalingana ekucwaningeni nasekushicileleni, kulondvolotwa kwenkhulumo yemasiko kungentiwa etikhungweni temfundvo lephakeme, tinhlangano letinemasu kanye nasemphakatsini. ^[5]

Indzima ledlalwa tinkhundla tekuchumana kulondvolota lulwimi

Situkulwane lesisha sisebentisa tinhlelo tekuchumana ngalokuvamile, futsi sikhatsi saso lesinyenti sisicitsa sitihlanganisa nalabanye. Ngako-ke, lokutfolwe ngulolucwaningo kukhombisa kutsi kunesidzingo semicembu leminingi lesebentisa siSwati etinhlelweni letehlukene tekuchumana letihloselwe kukhutsata kusetjentiswa kwetindlela tekukhuluma siSwati kubantfu labasha. Ngalendlela, lulwimi lweSiswati lungagcinwa kalula ngobe situkulwane lesisha sitawutjwayela futsi silusebentise kanyenti ngekusebentisa tindlela talo tekukhuluma nasikhulumisana tsine kanye nalamanye emalunga emmango. Ngalokunjalo, batawusita kugcina nekulondvolota siSwati njengelulwimi loluphilako.

Indzima ledlalwa misakato nabomabonakudze ekulondvoloteni lulwimi

Kusetjentiswa kwetindlela tekukhuluma etinhlelweni telucingo netemsakato kungachuba kulondvolotwa kwelulwimi kanye nemasiko eSiswati. Kusebentisa indlela yekukhuluma kumabonakudze nasemsakatweni kungasita bantfu labasha kutsi bakucondze kubaluleka kwekukhuluma. Ngako-ke, tindlela tekukhuluma tendzabuko tingasetjentiswa kahle, futsi lulwimi lwesiSiswati lungagcinwa. ^[6]

IMITFOMBO YELWATI

↑ Bernard, H. Russell (1992). "Preserving Language Diversity". Human Organization. 51 (1): 82–89. ISSN 0018-7259.
↑ Dressler, Wolfgang; Wodak-Leodolter, Ruth (1977-01-01). "Language Preservation and Language Death in Brittany". 15 (191): 33–44. doi:10.1515/ling.1977.15.191.33. ISSN 1613-396X.
↑ Makananise, Fulufhelo Oscar; Madima, Shumani Eric (2024-06-18). Digital Media and the Preservation of Indigenous Languages in Africa: Toward a Digitalized and Sustainable Society. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-6669-5753-2.
↑ "Language As Culture: Preservation and Survival - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2025-05-29.
↑ Simelane, Simeon Zantshuke (1991). Silondvolota Siswati (in Swati). Juta Academic. ISBN 978-0-7021-2672-7.
↑ Makananise, Fulufhelo Oscar; Madima, Shumani Eric (2024-06-18). Digital Media and the Preservation of Indigenous Languages in Africa: Toward a Digitalized and Sustainable Society. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-6669-5753-2.

[1] Bernard, H. Russell (1992). "Preserving Language Diversity". Human Organization. 51 (1): 82–89. ISSN 0018-7259.

[2] Dressler, Wolfgang; Wodak-Leodolter, Ruth (1977-01-01). "Language Preservation and Language Death in Brittany". 15 (191): 33–44. doi:10.1515/ling.1977.15.191.33. ISSN 1613-396X.

[3] Makananise, Fulufhelo Oscar; Madima, Shumani Eric (2024-06-18). Digital Media and the Preservation of Indigenous Languages in Africa: Toward a Digitalized and Sustainable Society. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-6669-5753-2.

[4] "Language As Culture: Preservation and Survival - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2025-05-29.

[5] Simelane, Simeon Zantshuke (1991). Silondvolota Siswati (in Swati). Juta Academic. ISBN 978-0-7021-2672-7.

[6] Makananise, Fulufhelo Oscar; Madima, Shumani Eric (2024-06-18). Digital Media and the Preservation of Indigenous Languages in Africa: Toward a Digitalized and Sustainable Society. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-6669-5753-2.

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