IReconstruction and Development Programme
iReconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) iPholisi yase Ningizimu Afrika leyabekwa iPhathi yeAfrican National Congress (ANC) leyayibuswa ngu Nelson Mandela nga 1994 emvwa kwe tinyanga tekudzingidza nekubonisana emkhatsini kwayo iANC, nalamanye emabanga njenge Congress of South African Trade Unions neSouth African Communist Part phindze "iMass organisations in the wider in the wider civil society". [1]
Sizatfu sekubonelela kutsi leProgramme yeRDP iyaphumelela ngukutsi bekumele kulungiseke tentakalo teApartheid. Kakhulu kulungisa tindzaba tendlala, nema social services (njenge kulahlwa kahle kwetibi, emanti lahlobile, tindlu letiphephile).[1]Kulungisa tindzaba tendlala nekucinisa simo semnotfo bekumaphuzu lahlangene futsi lamcoka, ngoba kutfutfuka phandle kwekukhula kungaba kuntengentenge kwesimo semnotfo. Phindze kukhula phandle kwekundlondlobala kungenta lushintjo kakhulu etimalini kutsi bantfu bangafani bese kube baningi labasala endlaleni. iRDP izama kuhlanganisa letinhlangotsi kuze kutotfutfukisa simo semnotfo ngeku nciphisa iTax, nciphisa sikwelede sahulumende nekwakha. Ngekwenta loku lepholisi yalungisa tintfo letingingi ngekuhlanganisa emaphuzu.
Imphumelelo yeRDP emphakatsini[hlela | edit source]
Tihlweli teRDP ticabanga kutsi lePrgramme ayzange ibuka letinye tinhlangotsi letibaluleki Eningizimu Afrika:
- Tindlu: Emkhatsini kwa 1994-2001 kwetula kwa 1.1 million wetindlu letishiphile tahulumende takhiwa, takhelwa 5 million webantfu kulaba 12.5 million labete tindlu.[2] ·Kuletinye tindzayo kwasuka kulwisana emphakatsini
- Emanti lahlobile: Ekucaleni kwa1998 emaphayiphi emanti afakwa kubo 200 m kwetindlu tebantfu basemakhaya laba ngu 1.3 million. NgeNgci kwaloyo mnyaka Minister Wetindzaba temanti (Kader Asma) wabika kutsi solo acala 2.5 million webantfu batfula manti lahlobile ekunatsa. Ngemunyaka wa2000 emaProject langu 236 bekakhicita 4.9 million bantfu, labaningu babo basemakhya emaplazini[2].
- Gesi: Emkhatsini wa 1994- May 2000 1.75 million wemakhaya beseka chumaniswe neNational Grid kutotfola gesi, futsi emakhaya takhula tinombolo letisuka ku 12%-42%.[2]
- iLand reform:Kwatsi makufika 1999 imindeni lengu 39 000 yahala endzaweni lengu 3 550 km2. Baphatsi batsi 250 000 we bantfu batfula umhlaba ngeminyaka lemine.[2]
- iHealthcare: Emkhatsini wa April 1994- kwaze kwaphela 1998, 500 wema clinic anakekela bantfu labangu 5 million. Futsi umjovo we Polio-hepatitis lowacala 1998, 8 million webantfwana bajovwa eminyakeni lemibili.[2]
- iPublic works: Umsebenti wemphakatsi unike 240 000 webantfu usebenti emnyakeni lemihlanu ekwakheni kwemgcwaco, kufaka emaswiriji nemanti.[2]
Bachwephesha banemibuto ngemisebenti wahulumende, batsi hulumende wenta shangatsi wente umsebti loncomekako kantsi khona lekubhedza khona. Bochwephesha batsi simo senhlalakuhle, temphilo, emanti, kunika kwemhlaba akuhambi kahle:
- Tindlu:Bantfu labahlala kuma RDP bakhonona ngeQuality yaletindlu. iResearch ngemunyaka wa2000 watfula kutsi 30% wetindlu letinsha yalandzela imiladzelo nemgomo yekwakha. Labanye bakhala ngekutsi emaPlan aletindlu afana ne “en masse bleak” letakhiwe ngetikhatsi teApartheid eminyakeni wa1950s na 60s.[2]
- Emanti lahlobile: Bachwephesha babuka indzaba yemanti lahlobile, babuka tinkinga nekungevakile kwemiladzelo kwetindlue temba RDP. Babona inkinga yekuhlela indzaba isacala. Bantfu bakhonona [2] ngemanti langcolisa umhlabatsi. Lizinga lemakhaya latsembela emantini emfula nemadamu lanyuka emkhatsini wa1995 na 1999[3] kepha linani lemakhaya lasebetisa emanti lasuka emaphayiphini lanyuka kancane.Ngemunyaka wa2000 hulumende wamemetela iPolicy yekutsi iphisane 6000 litres ngenyanga itosita ikakhulu bantfu basemakhaya kuze bangatobhadala timali letinhle[2]
- iLand reform: : Linali lemindeni leyahlala endzaweni phansi kweRDP beyiphumile entihlehlweni tale program. LeRDP yenta kutsi kususwe imindeni ku 300 000 m2 kwemhlaba, kepha kwentakala 1% kwaloku. Letinye tinhlelo teta tasusa tinsita teAgriculture (agricultural subsidies)—lekwenta kutsi batfu balahlekelwe ngumsebenti. Emkhatsini wa1994 na 1998 inlombolo yebantfu labasebenta emaplazini yehla isuka ku 1.4 million yaya ku 637 000.[2] Loku kukhomba kutsi linani lebantfu labasebenta kuAgriculture behlile phansi kwale RDP.
- Temphilo: Bakhononi batsi temphilo tinyuke kancane phansi kwe RDP, ngoba tindlela tekutfola lusito kwakhuphuka lizinga letibhedlela lehla. Kuyasetibhedla kwakhuphuka nga 1.6% emkhatsini was 1995 na 1999,kepha akubonakali loku ngenca yeAIDS nale tinye tifo njenge malaria. Emkhatsini wa 1995 na 1998 sekhatsi sekuphila sebantfu base Muningizim Afrikha sehla sisuka ku 64.1 yemnyaka saya ku 53.2 yemnyaka, bantfu labaphila ngaleligciwane bagcwalisa sibhedlela nga 40% wembhedze. BAkhonini baveta loku nje ngenkinga kukhomba kutsi tibhedla tahulumende tisenkinge ngisho ngabe kunelushintjo. Lokunye babona kwehla kwetinsita etibhedlela,[2] kwenta nje siyaletelo, eSoweto 950 000 webantfu labagulako babonwa bo nesi laba 800 nga 1994, kepha emnyakeni wa 2000 bantfu labagulako banyuka babangu 2 000 000 bonesi behla babangu 500.
Bona lokunye[hlela | edit source]
- N2 Gateway housing project
- Accelerated and Shared Growth-South Africa (ASGISA)
- European Recovery Program, also known as the Marshall Plan
- Economy of South Africa
Emaphuzu[hlela | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Reconstruction and Development Programme Preface, Nelson Mandela, 1994
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Tom Lodge, "The RDP: Delivery and Performance" in "Politics in South Africa: From Mandela to Mbeki", David Philip:Cape Town & Oxford, 2003
- ↑ Statistics South Africa, "South Africa in Transition", p.75