Sifuba semoya
| Tuberculosis | |
|---|---|
| Kuhlelwa kanye nemitfombolwati yangaphandle | |
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Sifuba semoya(i-TB) sifo lesitsatselanako lesivamise kubangelwa ngemabhakthiriya esifo semoya (ema-MTB)[1]. Sifuba semoya sivamise kuhlasela luemaphaphu, kantsi singatihlasela naletinye tincenye temtimba. tifo letinyenti letitsatselanako atinato timphawu, leto tivamise kwatiwa ngekutsi yi-latent tuberculosis. kusuleleka lokubalelwa ku10% kwe-latent kuyaye kuchubeke kube sifo lesiphilako, uma ngabe siyekeliwe sangalashwa, sivamise kubulala ihhafu yalabo labanaso. Timphawu letatiwako tesifo seTB lesiphilako kutsi ukhwehlele lokungapheli netikhwehlela letinengati, ifiva, kujuluka ebusuku, nekondza.[1] Loku bekuvamise kubitwa nge "kuphelelwa" lebekubangelwa ngulokondza.[2] Kusuleleka kwaletinye titfo temtimba kungabangela timphawu letinyenti.[3]
Sifuba semoya sisabalala emoyeni uma ngabe bantfu labane TB emaphashini abo bakhwehlela, bakhafuna, bakhuluma noma batsimula.[1][4] Bantfu labane TB leyisengakabonakali abasisabalalisi lesifo. Kusuleleka ngalesifo ngalokubonakalako kuvela kakhulu ebantfwini labane HIV/AIDS nalabo lababhemako.[1] Kutfolakala kwalesifo lesiphilako se-TB kucondziswe kuma X-rays esifuba, kanye nekuhlolwa ngemicroscop ne simo salokuliketjeti lokusemtimbeni. Kuhlolwa kwesifo se-TB lesengakabonakali kweyame kuluhlolo lwesikhumba lolubitwa nge tuberculin (i-TST) noma luhlolo lwetingati.[5]
Kuvikelwa kwe-TB kufaka ekhatsi kuhlolwa kwalabo labasengotini kakhulu, kutfolakala kwalesifo kusenesikhatsi nekulashwa kwalabagulako, nekuniketwa imitsi lehambisana ne bacillus Calmette-Guérin (i-BCG).[6][7][8] Labo labasengotini kakhulu kufaka ekhatsi labasemakhaya, emsebentini, nalabo latsintsana nabo emphakatsini labanesifo se-TB.[8] Kwelashwa kudzinga tindlela letiphindziwe tekusetjentiswa kwema antibiotics sikhatsi lesidze.[1] Kungasebenti kwema Antibiotic yinkinga lebhebhetsekako bese kuba nekukhula kwemazinga kwekungasebenti kwetidzakamiva tekulapha sifo sesifuba semoyalesingalapheki lula (i-MDR-TB) kanye nekungasebenti kwetidzakamiva ngalokuphakeme nakulashwa sifo semoya lesibitwa nge (XDR-TB).[1]
Kusukela nga 2018 ikota yinye yebantfu labaphilako kucatjangwa kwekutsi basuleleke nge-TB. Kwesuleleka lokusha kulinganiselwa ku 1% walabantfu labakhona njalo ngemnyaka.[9] Nga 2017, bekunebantfu labagulako labangetulu kwetigidzi leti-10 labanesifo se-TB lokwaholela kwekutsi kushone bantfu labalinganiselwa kusigidzi 1.6. Loku kwenta kwekutsi lesifo sibe yimbangela lehambembili yetifo letisulelanako letibulalanako. Kufa lokungetulu kwa 95% kwenteka emaveni lasatfutfuka, nangetulu kwa 50% e-India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, nase Philippines. Inombolo yebantfu labasha labagulako njalo ngemnyaka yehlile kusukela nga 2000. Bantfu labalinganiselwa ku-80% emaveni lamanyenti ase Asia nase Afrika batfolakele banalesifo ngalesikhatsi 5-10% webantfu base United States batfolakele banalesifo ngalesikhatsi bahlolwa ngeluhlolo lwe-tuberculin.[10] Sifo sesifuba semoya besisolo sikhona ebantfwini kusukela etikhatsini takudzala.[11]
Emareferensi
[hlela | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104". WHO. October 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ↑ The Chambers Dictionary. New Delhi: Allied Chambers India Ltd. 1998. p. 352. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8.
- ↑ Dolin, [edited by] Gerald L. Mandell, John E. Bennett, Raphael (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. Chapter 250. ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3.
- ↑ "Basic TB Facts". CDC. March 13, 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ↑ Konstantinos A (2010). "Testing for tuberculosis". Australian Prescriber. 33 (1): 12–18.
- ↑ Hawn, TR; Day, TA; Scriba, TJ; Hatherill, M; Hanekom, WA; Evans, TG; Churchyard, GJ; Kublin, JG; Bekker, LG; Self, SG (December 2014). "Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection". Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR. 78 (4): 650–71. PMID 25428938.
- ↑ Harris, Randall E. (2013). Epidemiology of chronic disease : global perspectives. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 682. ISBN 9780763780470.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Organization, World Health (2008). Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy : a handbook for national TB control programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 179. ISBN 9789241546676.
- ↑ "Tuberculosis". World Health Organization. 2002.
- ↑ Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 516–522. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.
- ↑ Lawn, SD; Zumla, AI (2 July 2011). "Tuberculosis". Lancet. 378 (9785): 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3. PMID 21420161.