Umlandvo wa meinhof carl
Carl Meinhof-Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof (July 23, 1857 - 11 Febhuwari 1944) bekangusosayensi wetilwimi waseJalimane futsi angulomunye wetati tekucala tekulwimilwimi letatadisha tilwimi tase-Afrika. Meinhof watalwa eBarzwitz eceleni kweRügenwalde esifundzeni sasePomerania, eMbusweni wasePrussia. Wafundza eNyuvesi yaseTübingen naseNyuvesi yaseGreifswald. Nga-1905 waba nguphrofesa eSikolweni Sekufundza ngeTindzaba taseMpumalanga eBerlin. NgaMay 5, 1933, waba lilunga lelicembu lemaNazi.
Imisebenti
Umsebenti wakhe lobaluleke kakhulu kwakutfutfukisa tifundvo tekucatsanisa ngelulwimi lwe Bantu, kwakha umsebenti wa Wilhelm Bleek. Kulomsebenti wakhe, Meinhof wabuka tilwimi letivamile te Bantu letifana nesiSwahili kanye nesiZulu kwentela kutfola kufana kanye nekwehluka.
Kulomsebenti wakhe, Meinhof wabuka emakilasi emagama lapho khona tonkhe tilwimi te Bantu tinemakilasi lokungenani lalishumi kanye nemakilasi lamashumi lamabili nakubili emagama lakhona kuto tonkhe tilwimi te Bantu, nomakunjalo inchazelo yakhe yemakilasi emagama ehluke kancane kuloko lokwemukelwako, ngekubuka lelifomu lelisebunyentini leligama njengaloko lokwehlukile eklasini kusuka kulelinani lelilodvwa (lokwenta, sibonelo, kutsi kucatjangwe lulwimi lolufana nesiFrench njengalolunemakilasi lamane esikhundleni semakilasi lamabili). Nanobe kute lulwimi lolunato tonkhe tigaba letingu-22 (muva: 23) letisebentako, iVenda inetingu-20, iLozi inetingu-18, kantsi iGanda inetingu-16 nobe 17 (kuya ngekutsi le-class 23 e- ifakiwe yini). Tonkhe tilwimi temaBantu tinemagama lasetjentiswa kubantfu (ngalesinye sikhatsi kufaka ekhatsi letinye tilwane).
Meinhof waphindze wahlola letinye tilwimi tase-Afrika, lokufaka ekhatsi emacembu labekabitwa ngekutsi yi-Kordofan, Bushman, Khoikhoi, kanye ne-Hamiti.Meinhof wasungula luhlelo loluphelele lwekuhlukanisa tilwimi tase Afrika. Luhlelo lwakhe belusebenta iminyaka leminyenti (Greenberg 1955:3). Lencwadzi ya-Joseph Greenberg yafika esikhundleni sayo nga-1955 nangemnyaka wa-1963.Nga-1902, Meinhof wabhala tingoma temculo waseMphumalanga Afrika. Lena nguleminye yemisindvo yekucala yemculo wendzabuko wase-Afrika.[1]
Imibono lephikisanako
Nga-1912, Carl Meinhof washicilela incwadzi letsi Die Sprachen der Hamiten (Tilwimi temaHamites). Wasebentisa ligama lelitsi Hamitic. Luhlelo lwe Meinhof lwekuhlukanisa tilwimi te Hamitic belusekelwe ekukholweni kutsi "bakhulumi be Hamitic bafana kakhulu nebantfu labafuya tinkhomo labanemvelaphi ye Caucasian, leyehlukile futsi lencono kune 'maNegroes ase Afrika'". Nomakunjalo, kuloko lokwatiwa ngekutsi tilwimi te Nilo-Hamitic (umcondvo lawusungula), kwakusekelwe esicini sebulili kanye "nemfundziso lengemanga yekuhlanganiswa kwetilwimi". Meinhof wakwenta loku ngisho noma umsebenti wekucala webafundzi labafana nabo Lepsius kanye na Johnston wakhombisa kutsi letilwimi latawubita kamuva ngekutsi yi "Nilo-Hamitic" bekutilwimi te Nilotic letinekufana lokuningi ngemagama naletinye tilwimi te Nilotic.[2]