African National Congress

Fulegi lenemibala lemitsatfu ye-ANC.

I-African National Congress (ANC) licembu lepolitiki lelisekela intsandvo yelinyenti eNingizimu Afrika. Lelicembu ingulenye yetinhlangano tenkhululeko letatiwa ngekuphikisana nelubandlululo, ibuse lelive kusukela nga-1994, ngesikhatsi lukhetfo lwekucala ngemuva kwelubandlululwa lubeka Nelson Mandela kutsi abe nguMengameli wase Ningizimu Afrika. Cyril Ramaphosa, lobekangumengameli wavelonkhe, bekangumengzisi we-ANC kusukela mhlaka 18 Disemba 2017.

Umlandvo

Oliver Tambo, umengameli we-ANC lobekatfunjiwe kusukela nga-1967 kuya ku-1991.

Litiko le-South African Native National Congress leliya eNgilandi, ngaJune 1914. L-R: Thomas Mtobi Mapikela, Walter Rubusana, John Dube, Saul Msane, kanye na Sol Plaatje.

Lenhlangano yasungulwa mhlaka 8 Januwari 1912 eBloemfontein njenge South African Native National Congress, kute ilwele emalungelo ebantfu labamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika. Kantsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi yashintja ligama yaba i African National Congress ANC. Ngesikhatsi hulumende we-National Party atfola emandla nga-1948, inhloso lenkhulu ye-ANC yaba kumelana nenchubomgomo yahulumende lomusha yelubandlululo. Kute kwentiwe loku, tindlela tayo kanye netindlela tekuhlela kwashintja; kusetjentiswa kwayo kwemasu etembusave, kanye nekukhula kwemalunga ayo, kwaholela ekutseni kube neMkhankhaso Wekungalaleli kwebantfu nga-1952-53. I-ANC yavalwa nguhulumende wase Ningizimu Afrika emkhatsini wa-April 1960 - ngekushesha ngemuva kwekubulawa kwebantfu labanyenti eSharpeville - kanye na-February 1990. Ngaleso sikhatsi, ngaphandle kwemetamo lelandzelanako yekuvuselela i-ANC yangaphansi kwetembusave, i-ANK yaphocelelwa kutsi itsatfwe njengentfo ledzingekako ngenca yekucindzetelwa nguhulumende, lokwenta kutsi baholi bayo labanyenti baboshwe eRobben Island. Inhloko-dolobha yayo ise-Lusaka, eZambia, i-ANC lebeyitfunjiwe yanikela kakhulu emkhankasweni wekuhlukunyetwa kanye nemphi yekulwa nembuso welubandlululo, lebeyentiwa ngaphansi kwemabutfo ayo, uMkhonto we Sizwe, leyasungulwa nga-1961 ngekubambisana ne-South African Communist Party (SACP). I-ANC yalahlwa nguhulumende wase Ningizimu Afrika, eMelika, kanye nase United Kingdom njengenhlangano yebuphekula. Nomakunjalo, yatitibeka njengemdlali losembili etinkhulumiswaneni tekucedza lubandlululo, lokwacala ngekutimisela ngemuva kwekucitfwa kwalomtsetfo nga-1990.