Bantfu basive semaNdebele aseNingizimu
| EmaNdebele | |
|---|---|
| Umuntfu | iNdebele |
| Bantfu | AmaNdebele |
| Lulwimi | IsiNdebele |
| Live | KwaNdebele |
EmaNdebele licembu lebantfu labavela INingizimu Afrika labakhuluma isiNdebele. Linyenti labo litfolaka etifundzeni tase Mpumalanga, eGauteng, Limpopo, kanye nasenyakatfo-Mpumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika.Etindzabeni letifundvwako lelicembu lebantfu libitwa ngekutsi yi-Southern Ndebele kwentela kuhlukanisa emindenini yabo i-maNdrebele, lephindze ibitwa ngekutsi yiNyakatfo yeNdebele, futsi ingadidaniswa nebantfu baseNyakatfo yaseZimbabwe.
Imvelaphi yema Ndebele
[hlela | edit source]Leligama lelitsi Ndebele, ngekuhlanganiswa njenge emaNdebele, lisetjentiswa emkhatsini wemacembu lamanyenti eNingizimu Afrika, lehlukaniswe kanyati ngeNyakatfo neNingizimu. Lamacembu kakahlobene ngekutalana.[1]
Imvelaphi ngebunyeti seyiphakanyisiwe ngebuve Lenye indlela yekucabanga kutsi labahlali labakhuluma siTswana bababita ngeNguni ngekutsi ngema leTebele/maTebele, lasuselwa egameni lelitsi tebele, lelisho “umfokati” noma “loyo lophangako”, kantsi leyehlukile yesiNguni beyitawuba yemaNdebele. [1] Leligama belisetjentiswa kunobe nguliphi licembu lebelitsatfwa njengebantfu bangaphandle, labahlaselako nobe bakhoseli esigodzini lesitsite.[2]
Lenye indlela yekucabanga kuhlobanisa -tebele noma ngabe yi Tswana teba, “kucwila phansi” noma “kugoba”, ngekubukisisa kumasu esitayela sesiZulu sesihlangu, noma thebe, lokusho “sihlangu”, kubukisisa kumahlangu emaNguni labekatiwa ngawo.[3]
Ngaphambi kwemlandvo
[hlela | edit source]Umlandvo webantfu bemaNdebele ucala ngekuduka kwe Bantu kuya eNingizimu kusuka esigodzini sase Great Lakes eMphumalanga ye Afrika. Bantfu labakhuluma siBantu batfutsela ngesheya kwemfula iLimpopo bangena eNingizimu Afrika etigodzini taseNyakatfo Mpumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Ngesikhatsi sekuwa kweMbuso wase Zimbabwe nga 1450, Emacembu lamabili lamakhulu abevele eningizimu yeMfula iLimpopo: ema Nguni, labekahlala emathafeni lasempumalanga yelugwini, kanye nema Sotho–Tswana, labekahlala endzaweni lesetulu lengekhatsi. Emkhatsini weminyaka yabo 1400 nasekucaleni kweminyaka yabo 1800 kwabonakala lamacembu lamabili ahlukana aba ngemasiko lamancane lahlukahlukeni kanye nebantfu. EmaNdebele bekubantfu labanjalo.
Emkhatsini wemaHlubi .
[hlela | edit source]Sikhulu semaNdebele bekahlala nebantfu bakhe endzaweni yemaBhaca nemaHlubi eningizimu etintsabeni taseDrakensberg lebebatibita ngekutsi "uKhahlamba". Inhlokodolobha yekuhlala kulendzawo beyibitwa ngekutsi yiLundini . Sikhulu semaNdebele besahlukana nelicembu lelikhulu lema Mbo wase usungula umbuso wakhe ngetulu kwebantfu bakhe labatotsatsa libito lakhe njengeligama lesive sabo.
Imphilo yemasiko netenhlalakahle
[hlela | edit source]Tinhlaka tetepolitiki netenhlalo
[hlela | edit source]Ligunya ngetulu kwesive beliniketwa inhloko yesive (iNkhosi), lesitwa ngumkhandlu wangekhatsi noma wemndeni (umphakatsi). Emawadi (izilindi) bekaphatfwa tidvuna kantsi emacembu emindeni ngekhatsi kwemawadi bekabuswa tinhloko temindeni. Iyunithi yekuhlala yemndeni ngamunye beyibitwa ngekutsi muti. Lomuti bewuvame kuba yinhloko yemndeni (unumzane) kanye nemfati wakhe kanye nebantfwana labangakashadi. Uma abenebafati labangetulu kwamunye, umuti uhlukaniswa ube tincenye letimbili, incenye yesekudla kanye neyesencele, kwentela kuhlala labafati labehlukene.Umuti ngalesinye sikhatsi bewukhula ube yindzawo yekuhlala leyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhatsi emadvodzana latinhloko lashadile kanye nebanakabo labancane bahlanganyela ekhaya. Njalo buve bufaka linani letibongo tebukhosi noma tibongo. Loku bekusho kutsi tonkhe tibongo betifaka licembu lebantfu lebebahlanganyela nabokhokho munye emgceni wababe.
Kuhlotjiswa kwemuntfu
[hlela | edit source]Bafati bemaNdebele ngekwesintfu bebatihlobisa ngetinhlobonhlobo tetintfo tekuhloba, ngayinye ikhombisa simo sayo emmangweni. Ngemuva kwemshado, tingubo taba yabachaza labati futsi timangalisa. Esikhatsini lesengcile, umfati wemaNdebele bebewugcoka emasongo elitfusi nelithusi etandleni, emilenteni nasendvodzeni yakhe, loku bekufanekisa kubopha kwakhe nekutsembeka kumyeni wakhe, ngemuva kwekutsi umuti wakhe sewusakiwe. Bekatawususa letindandatfo kuphela ngemuva kwekufa kwakhe. [1]Emaringi (labitwa ngekutsi yidzila) bekukholelwa kutsi anemandla lamakhulu emasiko. Emadvodza bekavame kuniketa bafati bawo emaringi; nangabe indvodza Isla lizambane lapondo, umfati bekatawugcoka emaringi lamanyenti. Namuhla, akusavamile kugcoka letindandatfo unomphela. [1]Ngekwengeta kumaringi, bomake labashadile nabo bebagcoka ema hoops entsanyeni lakhiwe ngetjani (lebitwa nge isirholwani) lasongwa abe yi coil futsi avalwe ngebuhlalu, ikakhulukati ngetikhatsi temkhosi. Ema Linrholwani ngalesinye sikhatsi agcokwa njengetintfo tekubopha entsanyeni kanye netintfo tekubopha imilente kanye nemikhono ngubo make labasha labashadile emadvodza abo langakabaniki likhaya, noma ngemantfombatane laseminyakeni yekushada ngemuva kwekucedvwa kwemkhosi wabo wekucala (kutfomba). Bomake labashadile nabo bebagcoka i-apron leneminwe lesihlanu (lebitwa ngekutsi yi itjhorholo) kukhombisa umvutfondzaba wemshado, lokwenteka kuphela ngemuva kwekutalwa kwemntfwana wekucala. [1] Lengubo yemshado (untsurhwana) lebeyigcokwa bomake labashadile beyihlotjiswa ngebuhlalu kwentela kubhala tintfo letibalulekile ekuphileni kwalomfati.Sibonelo, imigca lemidze lenebuhlalu beyikhomba kutsi indvodzana yalomfati benta umcimbi wekucala futsi ikhomba kutsi lomfati nyalo sewutfole sikhundla lesisetulu emmangweni wemaNdebele. Bekufanekisa injabulo ngoba indvodzana yakhe beyifinyelele ebudvodzeni kanye nelusizi lwekulahlekelwa emhlabeni webantfu labadzala. [1] Umfati loshadile bekahlala agcoka luhlobo lolutsite lwekumbonya inhloko kute akhombise kutsi uyayihlonipha indvodza yakhe. [1] Loku bekusukela ebhandeni lelilula lelinebuhlalu noma likepisi lelinikwe kuya etinhloko letinebuhlalu letibanti (amacubi). Bafana bebavame kuhamba bangcunu noma bagcoke libhemba lencane yangaphambili yesikhumba sembuti. [1] Nomakunjalo, emantfombatane bekagcoka ema- apron lanebuhlalu noma tiketi letigocotako letinebuhlalu kusukela asesemncane. Kumasiko kanye nemicimbi, emadvodza emaNdebele atihlobisa ngemihlobiso lebeyentelwe bona bafati babo. [1]