William Anderson Soga

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William Anderson Soga, longenalo lusuku.

William Anderson Soga (1858-15 July 1916) waba ngumuntfu wekucala wase-Afrika wekutfola ticu tebudokotela ku MBCM ngemnyaka wa-1883. Kantsi leticu watiphotfula eMelika watsi nakacedza wasebenta eNingizimu Afrika, waphindze waba ngumuntfu wase-Afrika wekucala lowatfola i-doctorate MD. Incwadzi yakhe lenesihloko lesitsi "The ethnology of the Bomvanas of Bomvanaland, a aboriginals tribe in South East Africa, with observations on the climate and diseases of the country, and the methods of treatment used among the people" yacedvwa e-University of Glasgow ngemnyaka wa 1895. Waphindze wagcotjwa njengemphristi esontfweni le-United Presbyterian Church ngemnyaka wa-1885, lokwamenta waba ngulomunye wetitfunywa telivangeli tekucala eNingizimu Afrika.[1] Rev Dr Soga bekatsintseka ekuphatfweni kwetiteshi temishini, kwakhiwa kwemasontfo, kuhlolwa kanye nekwelashwa kwetigulane, lucwaningo kanye nekubhala.[2]

Imphilo yasebuntfwaneni nemndeni[edit][hlela | edit source]

Soga bekunguye wekucala waNkk. Janet na Rev Tiyo Sogaʹs bantfwana labasiphohlongo labatalwa emkhatsini wa-1858 na-1870. William, ngekusho kwesatiso sakhe sekufa kanye nesitifiketi sakhe sekubhalisa watalwa ePeelton, dvutane neNkhosi William Dzonga (lephindze yabitwa ngekutsi yiQonce ngemnyaka wa-2021).[3][4] William Soga wakhulela esiteshini semishini saseMgwali eStatterheim, eSifundzeni sase-Amathole lebesicondziswa batali bakhe futsi lapho khona linyenti lebomnakabo bebatalwa khona.[5]

Kubantfwana labasiphohlongo lababitwa ngekutsi nguTiyo naJanet Soga, munye wabo lobitwa ngekutsi ngu-Alexander lowatalwa emkhatsini waWilliam Anderson nemnakabo lomncane John Henderson watalwa afile.[6] Laba labanye basindza baze bakhula. John Henderson watalwa ngaFebruary 1860. Indvodzana yesine - Kirkland Alan Soga (lephindze ibhalwe ngekutsi ngu-Allan Kirkland Soga) yatalwa mhlaka 20 Novemba 1861.[7] Isabella McFarlane watalwa ngemnyaka wa 1864 e-Inverkip, eScotland.[8] Ngemnyaka wa 1865 umfana wekugcina weSoga watalwa - Jotello Festiri Soga.[9] Indvodzakati yesibili yaJanet naTiyoʹs Frances Maria Anna watalwa ngemnyaka wa 1868 eTutura (eSomerville) eTranskei lapho umndeni watfutsela khona ngemnyaka wa-1869.[10] Jessie Margaret Soga naye watalelwa eTutura ngemnyaka wa 1871.[11]

Imfundvo[edit][hlela | edit source]

Imfundvo yemabanga laphansi

Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1867 Soga waya eLovedale Seminary aneminyaka lengu 9, kwatsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi waya ekolishi.[12] Ngemuva kweminyaka lelishumi yekwakha iMgwali Mission Station kanye nelibandla layo, umndeni wakaSoga watfutsela eTutura eTranskei emphumalanga yeKapa. Kungaleso sikhatsi lapho boTiyo naJanet Soga bacala khona kulungiselela William, John na-Alan kutsi bafundze phesheya ikakhulukati eGlasgow, eScotland.[13] Ngemnyaka wa-1870, William, nyalo loneminyaka lengu-12 budzala, John Henderson (lobekaneminyaka lengu-10 budzala) kanye naKirkland Allan (lobekaninyaka lengu-9) basuka eNingizimu Afrika bashiya umndeni wabo lomkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika, bomnakabo labancane (Isabella McFarlane, Jotello Festiri kanye naFrancis Anne), make wabo (lobekakhulelwe nguJessie lowatalwa ngaJuni 1870) kanye nababe wabo Tiyo lobekagula kakhulu ngaleso sikhatsi futsi lobekatawufa mhlaka-12 Ingci 1871 ngaphandle kwekubona futsi.

Imfundvo yasesikolweni lesiphakeme

Ngekusebentisa emalungiselelo laentiwa ngubabe wabo William kanye nabomnakabo bahlangabetana na Rev. Henry Miller nemkakhe, futsi kucatjangwa kutsi labazalwane bebahlala nalababili base Hammersmith, eLondon, eNgilandi.[14] Ngenca yekuhlala kwabo eScotland, Tiyo Soga bekanikele ngemadvodzana akhe kutsi anakekelwe nguMnumzane R.A. Bogue kanye naDokotela William Anderson. Bogue abelilunga lelisontfo laseGlasgow John Street lapho khona Soga bekahlala asondzelene khona. Bogue bekangumgcugcuteli wetimali wemfundvo yakadzeni yase Sogańs phesheya, umnikeli weMgwali Mission futsi bekangumngani losedvute. Anderson, lowabitwa ngemuva kwaWilliam Anderson Soga lobekangumfundisi walelisontfo, wabhabhadisa Tiyo Soga futsi watsatfwa nguye njengemeluleki.[15] William, John na-Allan bonkhe bafundza e-High School yase-Glasgow kusukela nga-1870 kuya ku-1873 ngemuva kwaloko John na- Allan batfutsela e-Dollar Academy ngesikhatsi William achubeka nekufundza e-Glasgo High School.[16]

Imfundvo lephakeme

William Anderson wafundza e-University of Glasgow iminyaka lesiphohlongo. Wabhalisa aneminyaka lengu-17, wacala kufundza eFaculty of Arts. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, wafundzela budokotela e-University of Edinburgh (1881-2 and 1882-3), kepha waphotfula i-MBCM e-Universities of Glasgow mhlaka 26 Kholwane 1883 aneminyaka lengu-25.[17] William wabuyela eNyuvesi yase-Glasgow kuyofundzela i-MD degree. Umbhalo wakhe we-MD lobhalwe ngesandla lonesihloko lesitsi "The ethnology of the Bomvanas of Bomvanaland, an aboriginal tribe of South East Africa: with observations on the climate and diseases of the country, and the methods of treatment used among the people" wasetjentiswa mhlaka-20 Mashi 1894. Waphotfula mhlaka 13 April 1894. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, William Anderson Soga waya e-United Presbyterian Church Divinity Hall (e-Edinburgh). Wagcotjwa njengesitfunywa selivangeli nga-1885.[18]

Umshado kanye nebantfwana[hlela | edit source]

William Anderson (lobekaneminyaka lengu-27) kanye naMary Agnes Meikle (lobekaninyaka lengu-19 budzala) bashada nga-1885 eCumbernauld eScotland.[19] Ngesikhatsi semshado wabo i-United Presbyterian Church (UPC) yaniketa Rev Dr William Anderson Soga sikhundla eMalan Mission e-Willowvale lesendzaweni leyatiwa ngekutsi yi-Amathole esifundzeni sase-Eastern Cape, cishe ngemakhilomitha langu-32 eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Idutywa (kubhalwa kwanyalo: Dutywa) futsi cishe ngemakhilometha langu-150 kusuka eBhisho, inhlokodolobha yesifundza sase-East Cape kusukela nga-1994. Laba labashadene bahamba baya eKapa Colony eNingizimu Afrika ngekushesha ngemuva kwekushada kwabo.

Rev Dr WA kanye naNks. Soga wasebenta eMalan Mission Station. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, Soga wakhetfwa njengesitfunywa selivangeli sekucala e-amaBomvana, incenye lencane ye-amaXhosa lebeyihlala eBomvanaland e-Elliotdale emkhatsini we-Bashee (kubhalwa kwanyalo: Mbhashe) kanye ne-Umtata (kubhalwa kwesikhatsi: Mthatha) Imifula leyaletfwa ngaphansi kwekubusa kweBrithani nga-1885.[20] Soga wachaza iBomvanaland njengentfo lesemkhatsini weKapa kanye neNatal.[21] Kungakapheli tinyanga letisitfupha laba labashadene bakha lisontfo nesikolwa lapho khona Mary Agnes abefundzisa khona.[22] Ngetulu kwemsebenti wakhe wetitfunywa telivangeli Dokotela Soga welapha tigulane letingaba tinkhulungwane letimbili ngemnyaka.[23] Waphindze wahamba emahlandla lamanyenti eScotland lapho aniketa khona tinkhulumo ngesimo semishini eKapa kubantfu be United Presbyterian Church, ngesikhatsi Mary Agnes aniketa tinkhulumo ku-Women's Zenana Mission.[24]

Ngemnyaka wa-1914, Rev Dr WA Soga wagula ngenca yetinkinga tenhlitiyo.[25] Washona mhlaka 15 Kholwane 1916 enkundleni yeligalofu e-Elliotdale. Bekatiwa njengemdlali lonenshisekelo, atsandza ikhilikithi neligalofu, kanye nemlimi wetingadze.[26] I-embolism ebuchosheni yabhalwa njengembangela yekufa esitifiketini sekufa. Umfati wakhe Dokotela Sogańs wachubeka nekusebenta ehhovisini lakhe lekudokotela kanye nendvodzana yabo.[27] Mary Agnes washona ngemnyaka wa 1919 futsi wangcwatjwa eceleni kwendvodza yakhe emathuneni aseMiller Church.[28]

Ema-link langaphandle[edit][hlela | edit source]

[Imibhalo lengentansi] I-C, Plug, Dr William Anderson Soga, S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2648

William Anderson Biography, The University of Glasgow Story https://universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH9321&type=P

Sigaba: Kutalwa kwebantfwana labangu-1857 Sigaba: kufa kwebantfwana bema-1916 Sigaba:Badokotela Sigaba:Bafundzi be-University of Glasgow Sigaba: Bantfu be-Xhosa Sigaba:I-Orders of South Africa Sigaba:-19th-century Presbyterian ministers

Imibhalo lebhalwe phansi[hlela | edit source]

  1. ↑ 20-37. 
  2. ↑ "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of William Anderson Soga". www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  3. ↑ South Africa, Cape Province, Civil Records, 1840-1972, William Anderson Soga, 15 Jul 1916, Elliotdale, Cape Province, South Africa, National Archives and Records Services, Pretoria.
  4. ↑ William Anderson Soga, The Glasgow Story, University of Glasgow, accessed May 2022, https://universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH9321&type=P
  5. ↑ Joanne Davis, “Family Trees: Roots and Branches – The Dynasty and Legacy of the Reverend Tiyo Soga”, Studies in World Christianity, April 2015, vo. 21, No. 1: pp. 20-37 and Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  6. ↑ Joanne Davis, “Family Trees: Roots and Branches – The Dynasty and Legacy of the Reverend Tiyo Soga”, Studies in World Christianity, April 2015, vo. 21, No. 1: pp. 20-37 and Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  7. ↑ Ibid.
  8. ↑ As a young adult Isabella would be the first of the Soga children to return to the Cape where she embarked on mission work in 1881 (she died a few years later at Cunningham Mission, Toleni, in 1884). Ibid
  9. ↑ Ibid.
  10. ↑ She would later work for the church and was secretary of the Girls Association and the Women’s Manyano. She died in Elliotdale in 1942. Joanne Ruth Davis, “Tiyo Soga: Man of Four Names”, PhD, UNISA, 2012, p. 116.
  11. ↑ Ibid
  12. ↑ John A. Chalmers, Tiyo Soga: A Page of South African Mission Work. Edinburgh: A. Elliot, 1877, p. 415.
  13. ↑ John A. Chalmers, Tiyo Soga: A Page of South African Mission Work. Edinburgh: A. Elliot, 1877, p. 415.
  14. ↑ In a letter to Rev Miller, Rev Soga requested “show them what is to be seen in London, and send them on to Glasgow to Mr. Bogue.” John A. Chalmers, Tiyo Soga: A Page of South African Mission Work. Edinburgh: A. Elliot, 1877, p. 415.
  15. ↑ John A. Chalmers, Tiyo Soga: A Page of South African Mission Work. Edinburgh: A. Elliot, 1877 and Bradford, Tolly. ‘World Visions: “Native Missionaries,” Mission Networks and Critiques of Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century South Africa and Canada.’ Grappling with the Beast: Indigenous South African Responses to Colonialism 1840-1930 edited by Peter Limb, Norman Etherington and Peter Midgley. London and Boston: Brill, 2010, pp. 311-339, 320.
  16. ↑ There are no school records indicating that William Anderson Soga attended Dollar Academy. Janet Carolan – The Sogas in Dollar – 1873 to 1882/3, paper presented at the Soga Studies Conference, University of Johannesburg, 2022.
  17. ↑ C, Plug, Dr William Anderson Soga, S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science.
  18. ↑ Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  19. ↑ Mary Agnes Meikle was, was born to Mary and Thomas Meikle in Cardross, Dumbarton in 1866. She was, according to Erlank, the daughter of the factor (property manager) for the Cumbernauld estate near Kirkintilloch, north of Glasgow. Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  20. ↑ See also detailed account of amaBomvana customs and history by JH Soga, WA’s brother, who was an anthropologist and historian in The South-Eastern Bantu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, digital version, 2012, originally published by Witwatersrand University Press, 1930, pp. 360-394.
  21. ↑ W. Soga, “The ethnology of the Bomvanas of Bomvanaland, an aboriginal tribe in South East Africa, with observations upon the climate and diseases of the country, and the methods of treatment in use among the people”, p. 1.
  22. ↑ Erlank located an early letter to the Christian Express, a local missionary periodical, William Anderson described Mary Agnes teaching classes of roughly 50 children. Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  23. ↑ J. Davis, Joanne Davis, “Family Trees: Roots and Branches – The Dynasty and Legacy of the Reverend Tiyo Soga”, Studies in World Christianity, April 2015, vo. 21, No. 1, p. 26.
  24. ↑ Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  25. ↑ Death of William Anderson Soga, M.D.,” Imvo Zabantsundu, August 8, 1916, in Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  26. ↑ “Death of William Anderson Soga, M.D” in Natasha Erlank, ‘The History of the Soga Family, Race, and Identity in South Africa in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries’ by Natasha Erlank in African History 26 May 2021.
  27. ↑ P. L. H., “An Appreciation of Mrs Soga of Bomvanaland,” Christian Express, July 1, 1919, 106.
  28. ↑ P. L. H., “An Appreciation of Mrs Soga of Bomvanaland,” Christian Express, July 1, 1919, 106.
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