Umgwaco Lomkhulu
Umgwaco wePanorama ngumgwaco lomuhle ENingizimu Afrika lohlanganisa tindzawo letinyenti temasiko netemvelo. Lomgwaco, losemlandvweni wase Ningizimu Afrika, usesifundzeni sase Mpumalanga, usendzaweni yase Blyde River Canyon, lesitsatfu ngebukhulu emhlabeni wonkhe jikelele. Inetimpophoma letinyenti, lenye yetindzawo letinkhulu letinemahlatsi eNingizimu Afrika, kanye netindzawo temvelo letiningi. Lomgwaco ucala ngaphansi kwe-I-Long Tom Pass ngaphandle kwe-Lydenburg, kulandzela kwehla kwemvelo kusuka ku-Great Escarpment kuya ku-Lowveld, bese uphela emnceleni wesifundza sase-Mpumalanga nase-Limpopo eceleni kwe-Echo Caves.
Lomgwaco ugcile kakhulu emlandvweni wase Ningizimu Afrika. Kusukela ngemnyaka wa-1871, tincenye talomgwaco betisetjentiswa njengemgwaco wetekutfutsa emkhatsini we-Lydenburg I-Delagoa Bay. Kulendlela kuphindze kube ngu-Jenene Louis Botha lowabaleka kumaNgisi ngesikhatsi seMphi yema-Anglo Boer, futsi kunalomunye webafundisi labadvumile be-Victorian Age emhlabeni, The Long Tom.
Emadolobha lamanyenti langakulomgwacweni, lafana ne-Pilgrim's Rest, asungulwa ngesikhatsi sekutfutfuka kweligolide i-Transvaal ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wa-1800. Tinkhulungwane tebantfu labafuna inhlanhla bewela tintsaba letinkhulu kanye netindzawo letiphakeme bafuna ligolide. Lomunye wabo bekunguye lobekangumgcini wesitolo wePilgrim's Rest, Percy Fitzpatrick. Wabhala incwadzi ledvumile i-Jock of the Bushveld, lelandzisa ngetintfo letenteka lahlangabetana nato nemkhumbi wakhe lowetsembekile i-bull terrier Jock, ngesikhatsi ahamba kulendlela ledvumile.
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Lelidolobha lelisemlandvweni losungulwa ngemnyaka wa 1850 ngumholi we -Voortrekker Andries Potgieter. Sikhatsi lesifishane besisebenta njengenhlokodolobha ye-Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek.
Kusasele sikhatsi lesidze kutsi loku kwenteke, imiphakatsi lemangalisako yahlala kulesigodzi. Baphatsi be-Lydenburg titfombe te-terracotta letinemgodzi kusukela nga-500 AD. Letitfombe kucatjangwa kutsi betisetjentiswa emicimbini yenkholo ngulaba bantfu. Umnyuziyamu wase Lydenburg ukhombisa letinye taletintfo letitfoliwe.
Igolide leyakhiwe nge-alluvial yatfolwa ngemnyaka wa -873, futsi lelidolobha labona kutfutfuka kweligolide kwesikhashana. Lelidolobha liphindze labonakala kahle endleleni lesuka i-Transvaal kuya e-Delagoa Bay. Namuhla i-Lydenburg yatiwa ngekulima, kudvweba ema-trout kanye nemayini. Umgwaco wePanorama ucala ngephandle kweLydenburg ngaphansi kweLong Tom Pass.
I-Sabie yatiwa njengelidolobha lelihlatsi kanye nelivakashi. Lelidolobha belikadze lihlala ema -Sotho ekucaleni kwemnyaka wa-1800. Bantfu base-Yurophu bahlala eSabie kusukela nga-1873, ngesikhatsi kutfolakala ligolide kulendzawo. Njengobe lidolobha lelisetulu, beyisetjentiswa njengendzawo yekucala yebazingeli betilwane letinkhulu, njengoba beyingenawo umalaleveva. Lomfula (lowatiwa nangekutsi ngumfula we Sabie) uvame kugcwala futsi ugcwele tingwenya; ngako-ke bantfu bendzawo bawubita ngekutsi yi uluSaba - umfula wekwesaba.
Tihlahla temvelo tajutjwa kwentela kuniketa tinkhuni temayini. Ngekusebentisa i-forest of Joseph Brook Shires, tihlahla tekutsengiswa tahlanyelwa nga-1876, lokwaholela ekutseni i-Sabie itungeletwe ngulenye yetihlahla letinkhulu letentiwe bantfu emhlabeni wonkhe lamuhla.
Umlandvo we-Graskop usukela emuva ku-1837, ngesikhatsi umholi we-Voortrekker Andries Pretorius kanye nebalandzeli bakhe bafuna emadlelo laluhlata. Wabhala emlandvweni wakhe wekushiya labasikati e-Graskop (lokuhunyushwe ngekutsi "ligcuma lelikhulako") ngesikhatsi afuna indlela yetincola tetinkhomo leya I-Delagoa Bay.
Namuhla i-Graskop isebenta njengelidolobha letivakashi lelisedvutane netindzawo temvelo letifana ne-God's Window kanye ne Bourke's Luck Potholes.
Kuphumula kwe-Pilgrim
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I-Pilgrim's Rest icishe ibe ngemakhilomitha langu-35 enyakatfo yeSabie. Wonkhe lelidolobha libekwe njengesitfunti savelonkhe. Lidolobha lelivuselelwe lelimayini ligolide lelinetitolo letinyenti kanye netakhiwo te Victorian. Umlandvo wayo ungahle ulandzelwe emuva ngemnyaka wa 1873 ngesikhatsi Alex Patterson atfola ligolide. Ngekushesha lelidolobha latiwa ngekutsi lidolobha lelisebentisa inhlanhla, lelinebavubukuli labangaba ngu-1 500 labajoyina iPatterson kungakapheli umnyaka. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi imayini, i-Transvaal Gold Mining Estates, yasungulwa njengenkampani yekucala yetetimayini teligolide eNingizimu Afrika. I-National Gold Panning Championships ibanjwa njalo ngemnyaka kulesigodzi futsi tivakashi tingabhuka luhlolo lwekuhlola.
i-Hazyview
[hlela | edit source]I-Hazyview lidolobha lelisedvute ne -Kruger National Park. Lelidolobha livame kuvakashelwa tivakashi ngenca yekutsi lingumnyango loya e-Phabeni Gate yase-Kruger National Park. I-Hazyview yatiwa ngetindzawo tayo letehlukahlukene tekukhosela tilwane, kufaka ekhatsi indzawo yekukhosela yetindlovu leyatiwa emhlabeni wonkhe.
Ngekusho kwasolwati, umuntfu wa-seFulansi wase Canada, lowatiwa ngekutsi ngu-Perry, wahlala kulendzawo ngesikhatsi abaleka licala lekubulala. Wacala sitolo sekutsengiselana, kepha ngemuva kwekushona kwakhe lelipulazi latsengiswa, futsi lenye yetindzawo tekucala tekugadza tilwane eNingizimu Afrika yamenyetelwa kulendzawo.
Umnotfo walelidolobha ucondziswa tekuvakasha, tekulima (ikakhulukati kulima emabhanana), kanye nekutsengisa.
I-Ohrigstad lidolobha lelincane lelisemnceleni e-Mpumalanga kanye nesifundza sase-Limpopo. Lelidolobha lasungulwa ngema Voortrekkers ngemnyaka wa-1845, futsi libitwa ngeligama lemholi wema Voortrekker Andries Hendrik Potgieter, kanye na G. G. Ohrig, lobekangumtsengisi wase-Amsterdam lobekafuna kutfutfukisa kuhwebelana emkhatsini kwe-Netherlands kanye ne-Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek.
Lelidolobha nyalo selilikhaya sikhungo setilwane kanye netekulima. Imigodzi ledvumile ye-Echo itfolakala emakhilomitheni lacishe abe ngu-28 enyakatfo yelidolobha. Lemihume yatfolwa nga-1923 ngesikhatsi umnikati welipulazi Klipfonteinhoek abona tinkhomo takhe tilahleka emgedzeni, tidvonselwa emantini lahlobile, labandzako.
I-Kiepersol
[hlela | edit source]Kiepersol lidolobhana lelincane lelisedvute ne-Hazyview. Ngalokuyinhloko ngumphakatsi wetekulima lonetitjalo letinkhulu tabhanana, kanye naleminye imisebenti yekufuya titselo.
Tindzawo letitsandvwako
[hlela | edit source]Kunetimpophomamanti letinyenti kulomgwaco. Linyenti laletimpophomamanti tiwela ngaphansi kwemandla emabhodi emapaki esifundza. Tivulekele wonkhe umuntfu, futsi letinyenti tato tihlobene nemigwaco yekuhamba ngetintsaba.
| Ligama letimpophoma | Umfula | Lidolobha lelisedvute | Kuphakama kwempontfo |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Berlin Falls | Umfula i-Lisbon | Graskop | 80 metres (260 ft) |
| Imigodzi Yemshado | Umfula weSabie | Sati | 146 metres (479 ft) |
| Ema-Lisbon Falls | Umfula i-Lisbon | Graskop | 92 metres (302 ft) |
| Lone Creek Falls | Umfula weSabie | Sati | 68 metres (223 ft) |
| Mac-Mac Falls | Umfula Mac-Mac | Graskop | 65 metres (213 ft) |
| Sabie Falls | Umfula weSabie | Sati | 35 metres (115 ft) |
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Umgwaco we-Panorama uyindzawo lenetintsaba letihle.
| Ligama lendzawo lenetintsaba | Emadolobha lahlanganisako | Budze | Kuphakama kwesihloko |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Bergvliet Pass | Sati-HazyviewIndzaba Lengenangcondvo | 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) | 997 metres (3,271 ft) |
| I-Blyderiver Poort Pass | Graskop-Ohrigstad | 23 kilometres (14 mi) | 1,379 metres (4,524 ft) |
| I-Bonnet Pass | Kuphumula kwaGraskop-PilgrimKuphumula kwe-Pilgrim | 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) | 1,667 metres (5,469 ft) |
| I-Kiepersol Pass | Sabie-I-Kiepersol | 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) | 912 metres (2,992 ft) |
| Koffiehoogte | Sati-Sabie | 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) | 1,672 metres (5,486 ft) |
| I-Long Tom Pass | Lydenburg-SabieSati | 22 kilometres (14 mi) | 2,138 metres (7,014 ft) |
| Masjiennek | Lydenburg-SabieSati | 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) | 2,090 metres (6,860 ft) |
| Indzawo Yemuntfu Wemtsakatsi | Kuphumula kwe-Pilgrim-OhrigstadOhrigstad | 26 kilometres (16 mi) | 1,789 metres (5,869 ft) |
| Indzawo yaseSudwala | Imihume yaseLydenburg-SudwalaImihume yaseSudwala | 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) | 1,223 metres (4,012 ft) |
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Tindzawo temlandvo netemasiko
[hlela | edit source]Ngenca yemlandvo locebile walendzawo, umgwaco we-Panorama unetindzawo letibalulekile temasiko nemlandvo. Loku kufaka ekhatsi loku lokulandzelako:
- Indzawo Yemasiko YaseShangana Cultural Village - indzawo yesintfu legubha bantfu baseShangana
- Umnyuziyamu wase-Lydenburg - Lomnyuziyamo ukhombisa imibukiso yebantfu bekucala labahlala kulendzawo, labadvume kakhulu kubo yi-Lydenbourg Heads. Iphindze inikete tivakashi umbono wemlandvo webantfu base Pedi.
- Libhuloho lase-Joubert - lelinye lemabhuloho lamadzala kulendzawo. Yakhiwa kutsi yewele uMfula i-Blyde, futsi yente indlela emkhatsini we-Pilgrim's Rest ne-Lydenburg. Injiniyela wase-Italy, Giovan B Gilletti wacelwa futsi lelibhuloho lavulwa ngalokusemtsetfweni nga-1897 ngu-Jacobus Stephanus Joubert, lobekangukhomishane wemayini we-Pilgrim's Rest. Lelibhuloho laqanjwa ngeligama lakhe, futsi lisasetjentiswa nalamuhla.
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Indzawo yase Mpumalanga inotsekakhulu ngetemvelo, futsi linyenti laletintfo lingatfolakala emgwacweni i-Panorama Route.
- I-God's Window(Lifasitelo laNkulunkulu) - Lena yindzawo lenhle kakhulu esicongweni sase-Drakensberg. Emawa ehla ngemamitha langu-700 kusuka lapho kubukeka khona. Tivakashi tivakashela njalo, ngelilanga lelicondzile umuntfu angabona kuze kufike emnceleni waseMozambique.
- I-Bourke's Luck Potholes - Bourke'n Luck Potholas luhlelo lwekwakheka kwemvelo lokwakhiwa ngemakhulu eminyaka emanti lageleta kulendzawo. Lemigodzi itfolakala lapho uMfula i-Treur uhlangana khona neMfula iBlyde ekucaleni kweMfula i-Blyde Canyon. Ngendlela lechubekako, emandla emanti kulemifula lemibili, ahlanganiswe netinhlayiya tesihlabatsi kanye nemadvwala letitfwalwa ngemifula, kufaka imigodzi lecinile emhlabatsini losisekelo.[1][1]
- I-Three Rondavels - Lenandlela yetsiwe ngemakamelo lamancane lanetjani labitwa ngekutsi ngEma-rondavels ngenca yekufana kwawo lokumangalisako. Lokuma kubangelwa kugedvuka kwelimestone lencane, kushiya i-quartzite lecinile ngemuva. EmaBapedi bekati lelicembu njengeNkhosi kanye nebafati bayo labatsatfu. Lendzawo lebitwa ngekutsi yi-Mapjaneng ('inkhosi') ngemuva kwendvuna yase-Bapedi, Maripi Mashile, lowancoba EmaSwazi lahlaselako emphini lenkhulu lesedvute nalapho. Letintsaba letintsatfu tibitwa ngemakhosikati akhe lamatsatfu - Magabolie, Mogoladikwe kanye na Maseroto.[1][1]
- I-Echo Caves - Leligama lelitsi Echo laniketwa lomhume, njengoba kwakheka kwe-stalactite kukhicita umsindvo lohlukile uma ushaya. Lomsindvo usengavakala ngephandle kwalomhume nalamuhla.
- I-Blyde River Canyon - iyincenye yemahekitha langu-29,000 i-Bly de River Canyon Nature Reserve yakhiwe emakhilomitheni lacishe abe ngu-2.5 e-sandstone lebovu. Iphindze yatiwe ngekutsi yi-Motlatse Canyon, ingumgodzi wesitsatfu ngebukhulu emhlabeni futsi itfolakala ngaphansi kwekuhlangana kwemifula i-Blyde ('injabulo') ne-Treur ('kulila').[1] I-Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve lengemahekitha langu-29, yakhiwe ngemakhilomitha lacishe abe ngu-2.5 etinsika letibovu futsi ingulenye yetintfo letihamba embili eNingizimu Afrika. Iphindze yatiwe ngekutsi yi-Motlatse Canyon, ingumgodzi wesitsatfu ngebukhulu emhlabeni futsi itfolakala ngaphansi kwekuhlangana kwemifula i-Blyde ('injabulo') ne-Treur ('kulila').[1] [1]
- I-Pinnacle - Insika lenkhulu ye-I-quartzite levela esihosheni lesijulile.
- Imihume yaseSudwala - Imihume yeSudwala yatiwa njengemihume lendzala kakhulu emhlabeni. Nanobe lemihume yakhiwa eminyakeni letigidzi letingu-3 000, bantfu bebakhona kufinyelela kuyo kusukela ngemnyaka wa-1960.[1] Lemihume beyisetjentiswa njengendzawo yekukhosela ngumuntfu wasendvulo lofana ne-I-Homo habilis, umlandzeli we-I-Homo erectus, eminyakeni lecishe ibe tigidzi letingu-1.8 leyendlulile. Lemihume idlala indzima lebalulekile emlandvweni weSwazi_people" id="mwAeo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Swazi people">Bantfu baseSwazi, isetjentiswa njengenqaba yeSomquba ngesikhatsi sekulwa ngebuholi baseSwazi.
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